The article examines the history of the formation of the study of the status of women in society, there is a lot of debate about the type of social system that is most conducive to the emancipation of women. The Western model of modernization implies that accelerated industrialization removes traditional restrictions for women and will change the traditional sexual division of labor, thereby contributing to the liberation of women. This is due to the fact that the results of modernization primarily affected men working in the public sphere, while women were limited to the domestic sphere.

Thus, the widespread subordination or submission of women, from this point of view, in capitalist societies is seen as a deviation from the proclaimed Western social norms of equality, freedom and justice. It is assumed that all problems of gender inequality in society can be solved within the framework of the Western system through the introduction of legal reforms and changing attitudes towards them. According to this point of view, it is assumed that women can be liberated by being integrated into the modernization process and the social  and political sphere of capitalist structures.

South Korea, gender, reformer

Sohn Bong-Scuk. Women’s Political Engagement and Participation in the Republic of Korea // Women and Politics Worldwide. Yale University Press, 1994. – Р.439.

Cholee Jin Sung. Gender Analysis of Politics, Economics and Culture of Korean Reunification: Toward a Feminist Theological Foundation for Reunified Society. 2012. – Р.212 // http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/64

Dahl Robert A. Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven - London: Yale University Press, 1989. – Р.235.

Первая Всемирная конференция ООН по положению женщин была проведена в Мехико в 1975 г., который был провозглашен Международным годом женщины. Подр. см.: Организация Объединенных Наций. Конференции. Женщины и гендерное равенство //https://www.un.org/ru/conferences/women#:~:text=Первая% 20всемирная%20конференция%20по%20положению,проблемой%20во%20многих%20странах%20мира.

International IDEA (2023). См.: Lee Jay Euijung, Zanella Martina. Learning about women’s competence: the dynamic response of political parties to gender quotas in South Korea // https://jayeuijunglee.github.io/ website/Lee_Zanella.pdf

Soh Eunyoung. Ten years’ experience of gender quota system in korean politics // https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ten-years%27-experience-of-gender-quota-system-in-Soh/4143a41c2f6819 e2c5a8f89c2f0d059207871d13

Resos A. Political Participation of Women in South Korea. 2014 // https://jia.sipa.columbia.edu/online-articles/empowerment-women-south-korea

Suzuki Sotaro. 18-year-olds now able to run for South Korean parliament. January 1, 2022// https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/18-year-olds-now-able-to-run-for-South-Korean-parliament

Kim Seung-kyung. Gender Policy and the New Status of Women in South Korea // Moon Chung-in. et al. Korea in Transition: Three Years Under the Kim Dae-jung Government. Seoul, Korea: Yonsei University Press, 2002. – Р.208..

Kim Dae-jung. The 21st Century and the Korean People: Selected Speeches of Kim Dae-jung, 1998-2004. Seoul, Korea: Hakgojae Publishing Company, 2004. – Р.219.

Sohn Bong-scuk. Women’s Political Engagement and Participation in the Republic of Korea // Nelson B.J. et al., Women and Politics Worldwide. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1994. – Р.446.

Пак Кын Хе (род. В 1952 г.) является дочерью президента Южной Кореи Пак Чон Хи (1963-1979), которого называют «отцом южнокорейского экономического чуда на реке Ханган». В первый раз она проиграла президентские выборы в 2007 г. своему однопартийцу Ли Мён Баку. Партия поменяла название на Сэнури (Новый мир) и пришла к победе на парламентских выборах 2012 г. В том же году Пак Кын Хе была зарегистрирована на пост кандидата на пост президента страны. Подр. о ней, ее деятельности и импичменте см.: Экс-президент Южной Кореи вышла из тюрьмы на 18 лет раньше срока // https:// www.bbc.com/russian/news-59781652; Дочь корейского Сталина // https://lenta.ru/articles/2021/11/28/korean/; Импичмент Пак Кын Хе: причины и последствия // https://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/ impichment-pak-kyn-khe-prichiny-i-posledstviya/; и др.

Bae Hyun-jung. Candidates’ Women Pitch Sparks Rancor / Korea Herald. 2012. November 4 // http://www. koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20121104000182; Park Ju-min. Is South Korea Ready for ‘Madam President’? / Reuters. 2012. December 11 // http://www.reuters.com/article/us-korea-election-women-idUSBRE8BA1DZ20121211.

Barnes T.D., Jang Jinhyeok, Park Jaehoo. Gender Stereotypes and Election Coverage in South Korea // The Review of Korean Studies. Vol. 19. № 2. December, 2016. – Р.165-193.