Radiation poses significant challenges to the reliability and performance of integrated circuits (ICs) deployed in space applications. The harsh space environment exposes ICs to various types of ionizing radiation, including solar particle events, cosmic rays, and trapped radiation belts, which can induce transient and permanent damage to semiconductor devices. Understanding the effects of radiation on ICs is essential for designing robust and reliable spaceborne electronics. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the radiation effects on ICs, including single-event effects (SEEs), total ionizing dose (TID) effects, and dose rate effects. Strategies for mitigating radiation-induced failures, such as radiation-hardened design techniques and radiation testing methodologies, are also discussed. By addressing the essential considerations for radiation hardness in ICs, this paper aims to facilitate the development of reliable electronics for space missions.

Radiation effects, integrated circuits, space applications

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