This paper explores the potential of solar desalination as a sustainable solution to meet household water needs in regions facing freshwater scarcity. With a focus on decentralized systems, the study examines the design, operation, and feasibility of small-scale solar desalination plants for residential use. Solar desalination harnesses renewable energy from the sun to convert seawater or brackish water into potable water, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional desalination methods. By integrating solar technologies with innovative desalination processes, households can gain access to clean and safe drinking water while reducing reliance on centralized water supply systems. This review discusses the principles, benefits, challenges, and future prospects of solar desalination at the household level, highlighting its potential to address water security challenges and enhance resilience in water-stressed communities.

Solar desalination, household water, decentralized systems

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