★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★Open research. Global perspectives.
editor@theamericanjournals.comPublisher Home ↗
Applied Sciences OPEN ACCESS

Technological and Global Analysis of Integrated Titanium and Vanadium Extraction from Tebinbulak Deposit Ores

Matkarimov Sohibjon
Professor, Head of The Department, Tashkent State Technical University, Uzbekistan
Turdiyeva Aziza
Master Degree Student of Tashkent State Technical University, Uzbekistan
DOI Crossref DOI 10.37547/tajas/Volume08Issue09-03
tajas 2026
VOL. 8 / NO. 09 SEPTEMBER
FULL TEXT PP. 17-28
DOWNLOAD PDF

View all articles in this issue ↗

VOLUME 8
ISSUE 09
YEAR 2026
PAGES 17-28
RESEARCH OVERVIEW

Abstract

This paper presents an in-depth, integrated technological and global analysis of the industrial development of Tebinbulak, one of the largest titanomagnetite ore deposits in Central Asia (located in the Karauzyak District of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, with on-balance ore reserves of ~2.0 billion tons). A comprehensive synthesis of experimental mineralogical and beneficiation test data for representative sample No. 7 of pyroxenite ores was carried out, including three-stage crushing, granulometric classification, dry and wet screening, and manual/laboratory magnetic separation. Optical microscopy was employed to investigate the structural and textural relationships among the ore phases: fine-dispersed exsolution textures of titanomagnetite solid solutions with lamellar ilmenite exsolutions in magnetite, isomorphic vanadium substitution within the magnetite crystal lattice, martitization (hematite replacement), and sulfide inclusions. By integrating advanced global scientific expertise (FactSage thermodynamic modeling, electric smelting reduction of metallized pellets at 1625–1650 °C, hydrochloric acid destruction, and low-temperature synergistic roasting of vanadium converter slag with a binary Na2C2O4/Na2CO3 mixture), an end-to-end, energy-efficient, environmentally benign, slime-free comprehensive flow sheet was developed and validated. The thermodynamic conditions preventing the formation of refractory titanium carbides (TiC) were established, achieving overall recoveries exceeding 99.5% for iron into hot metal, 92.6–94.4% for vanadium into commercial hot metal (with subsequent production of 98.73% pure V2O5), and selectively partitioning 94.1–99.0% of titanium into high-grade titania slag (42–46% TiO2) suitable for pigment-grade TiO2 synthesis.

RESEARCH TOPICS

Keywords

Tebinbulak titanomagnetite vanadium

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
SOURCES & SCHOLARSHIP

References

  1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. UP-4947 dated February 7, 2017, 'On the Action Strategy for Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan.'
  2. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-4124 dated January 17, 2019, 'On Measures for Further Improvement of the Mining and Metallurgical Industry.'
  3. Report of the State Enterprise 'Scientific Research Institute of Mineral Resources': 'Technological Studies of Titanomagnetite Ore from the Tebinbulak Deposit.' Tashkent, 2014.
  4. Guo, Z. Q., Chen, X., Shi, Y., Zhu, D. Q., Pan, J., Yang, C. C., Li, S. W., Xu, J. W., & Wang, X. (2025). Smelting separation behaviors of various reduced vanadium titanomagnetite pellets. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)66918-4.
  5. Maldybayev, G., Korabayev, A., Sharipov, R., Al Azzam, K. M., Negim, E.-S., Baigenzhenov, O., Alimzhanova, A., Panigrahi, M., & Shayakhmetova, R. (2023). Processing of titanium-containing ores for the production of titanium products: A comprehensive review. Minerals Engineering, 203, 108492. DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2023.108492.
  6. Lopano, C. L., Stuckman, M., Bank, T., Verba, C., & Free, M. L. (2022). Extraction kinetics and recovery of titanium and critical elements from complex oxide minerals using concentrated hydrochloric acid systems. Hydrometallurgy, 211, 105884. DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2022.105884.
  7. Nikolaeva, N. V., Alexandrova, T. N., & Afanasova, A. V. (2023). Processing of titanium-magnetite ores with extraction of titanium and vanadium. Journal of Mining Institute (Zapiski Gornogo Instituta), 261, 448–458. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2023.63.
  8. Li, Z., Li, C., Jiang, T., Wen, J., An, X., & Zhang, L. (2026). Clean vanadium extraction from vanadium slag via low-temperature co-roasting with sodium oxalate and sodium carbonate. Chemical Engineering Science, 301, 125096. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2026.125096.
  9. Gazeta.uz News Agency. (2019, August 21). Visit of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to Karakalpakstan: The Mining and Metallurgical Complex Project Based on Tebinbulak. https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2019/08/21/tebinbulak/
  10. Kommersant.uz Business Portal. A mining and metallurgical complex will be established at the Tebinbulak deposit. https://kommersant.uz/na-baze-mestorozhdeniya-tebinbulak-poyavitsya-gorno-metallurgicheskij-kompleks/