Drug abuse among youths in kebbi  has been a problem to the youths and the society in General. The consequences of drug abuse are not only on the individual user but also on his or her offspring, family and the society. Drugs abuse person will always lost his or her personalities in the society , it also make them to be dependent on some one due to laziness .

 Drug abuse is also a major public health, social and individual problem and is seen as an aggravating factor for economic crises; hence, for Nigeria’s poverty status. While youth are supposed to be the major agent of change and development, some of them have been destroyed by drug abuse . Drug abuse has a negative impact on the our Youth in their education arena. This work is expected to create awareness, expose and provide useful information to people especially to the  youths on the effects of drug abuse.

Minimally invasive percutaneous transhepatic decompression interventions are an effective way to restore bile outflow in obstruction of the biliary system. These techniques make it possible to quickly and effectively eliminate breast cancer and cholangitis, make it possible to carry out surgical interventions in the most favorable conditions, in a planned manner, and in patients, they can serve as an alternative to surgical treatment. These interventions are less traumatic, are accompanied by a small number of complications and can significantly improve the results of treatment of patients with breast cancer.

Coeliac disease is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten. While the classic presentation of coeliac disease involves gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and malabsorption, atypical or non-classic presentations can pose diagnostic challenges. This paper presents a case study approach to explore the unusual manifestations of coeliac disease and their clinical implications. The selected case studies highlight patients who presented with atypical symptoms or extraintestinal manifestations of coeliac disease, including dermatological, neurological, and psychiatric manifestations. Through an in-depth analysis of these cases, this research aims to increase awareness among healthcare professionals regarding the diverse presentations of coeliac disease, improve diagnostic accuracy, and enhance patient outcomes.

The fast and accurate reversed-phase HPLC method was predicated on qualitative and quantitative estimation of the total concentrations of the essential thiols in the plasma of adults volunteers compared with epileptic patients, which is l-cysteine (Cys) total homocysteine (tHys), cysteinyl glycine (Cys-Gly), glutathione (GSH) and cysteamine (Cstm), respectively.  The plasma samples of (50) epileptic patients were classified into three groups; the non-anti-epileptic drug consisted of 20 patients (12 male, eight female) who were mainly diagnosed with idiopathic generalized epilepsy.  The mean age was 34 ± 13 (range 19–48) years.  The second group consisted of 30 patients receiving two types of anti-epileptic drugs, 18 patients (12 male and six female) receiving Carbamazepine, and 12 patients (7 males and five female) receiving phenytoin.  The mean age of the patients was 32 ± 11   Compared with 31 healthy volunteers (20 male and 11 female).  The mean age of the controls was 31 ± 9 (range 26–49 years).  The mean duration of treatment of patients receiving the anti-epileptic drug was six months).  All measurement was done using pre-column derivatization with bromobimane, and the derivative of each standard mixture were baseline separated on C18-DB (50 x 4.6 mm ID) column, 3μm particle size.  The regression coefficients for the separated and standard deviation SD within-run ranged from 0.09 to 8.40 μmol/L, and between-run ranged from 0.15to 9.16 μmol/L; the analytical procedure gave good linearity in the range between 1.25 to 20 µmole/ l, the detection limit was 0.1 µmole /L for all the thiol groups.  Analytical recovery was 96.9–107.4 %; the mean concentration of plasma cysteine and total homocysteine was slightly higher in males than females; it was 221± 75 for adult males and 190± 44 μmol/L for adult females, while t-homocysteine was (10.55 ±2.45 vs. 9.79 ± 1.88 μmol/L, the results observed that the value of cysteine and homocysteine were significantly higher in epileptic patients using Carbamazepine and phenytoin than in healthy volunteers.  Mean values for glutathione were lower, while cysteinyl glycine showed no significant difference in healthy and epileptic patients and no sex- and age-dependent.

Perindopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is commonly prescribed as a cardioprotective medication following acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, concerns have been raised regarding its potential impact on renal function and serum potassium levels. This study aimed to investigate the effects of perindopril initiation on serum creatinine and potassium levels in patients with ACS.

Intracellular delivery of drugs and biomolecules holds great promise for the development of targeted therapies and advanced biomedical applications. Nanoneedles, as emerging tools in nanomedicine, offer a unique approach for precise and efficient intracellular delivery. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of nanoneedle-based intracellular delivery strategies for drugs and biomolecules. It covers various aspects, including the design and fabrication of nanoneedles, mechanisms of cellular uptake, delivery routes, and applications in drug delivery, gene therapy, and cell manipulation. Furthermore, the review discusses the challenges and future directions in the field of nanoneedle-based intracellular delivery, highlighting the potential for clinical translation and impact on healthcare.

This article discusses the severity of neurological deficit in patients with ischemic stroke on the NIHSS scale depending on the status of COVID-19. Based on the current situation, the need for a full-fledged dynamic study of the state of cerebral hemodynamics in terms of the relationship of these indicators with the results of neuro-immunological examinations and neuroimaging data, as well as determining the effect of cerebral blood flow reserves, as a parameter of functional plasticity of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with stroke against the background of COVID-19 is undeniable and unequivocally relevant from the point of view of practical neurology.

This paper is focus on the important of breastfeeding of a new born Infant  , breastfeeding the new baby to have faster growth and get perfect nutrition that will protect the baby from disease , the earliest  experience of new born infant is a great importance to the total growth and development. This particularly true on the way children obtain their foods the chemical structure of human milk facilitate digestion, metabolism efficient utilization of nutrients which in turn encourage excellent growth in infant. Anemia is less likely in well breastfeed infant that those who practice artificial feeding.

Anorexia and malnutrition are the physiological response of the body to the development of cancer (i.e. activation of the immune system, increased energy consumption...).  Initially, it is believed that all these changes help the body fight tumor growth.  In this context, the effectiveness of anorexia treatment is related to several mechanisms.  Firstly, the patient's body is not activated and is not in search of food and thus saves energy, it also reduces the heat loss that can occur due to increased convection.  The stored temperature in this case is used by the body to fight the rapid growth of cancer.  Second, eating less during illness also reduces the intake of nutrients needed by cancer cells, as well as reducing the energy intake needed for digestion.  This effect of early anorexia is supported by a classic study in which force-feeding infected experimental mice resulted in increased mortality (1).  However, despite the benefits of early anorexia, prolonged anorexia compromises the body's defenses and makes recovery more difficult.

Tooth decay is the gradual breakdown of tooth components, resulting from the loss of hydroxyapatite crystals as part of aging. Mutans Streptococci is one of the species most associated with tooth decay. The samples were isolated and cultured following standard procedures, and the results showed that Streptococcus mutans was indeed the most isolated bacteria, accounting for 47 (85.5%) cases in people with tooth decay. Small soft blue colonies of S. mutans bacteria appeared due to their absence in several individuals which may be attributed to their small numbers. Lactobacilli were also isolated in 8 (14.55%) cases. Antibiotic sensitivity tests against S. mutans showed that this bacterium was sensitive to azithromycin antibiotic and resistant multi-antibiotic tetracycline, as well as amoxicillin, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin along with chloramphenicol, ampicillin and lincomycin. The objective of this study is to isolate and identify bacteria that cause tooth decay, and determine which antibiotics effectively inhibit them.

Serodiscordant couples, where one partner is HIV-positive and the other is HIV-negative, face unique challenges and risks in terms of HIV transmission and seroconversion. This study aims to provide insights into HIV seroconversion in serodiscordant couples within the context of Malaysia. A retrospective analysis was conducted, utilizing data from medical records and interviews with serodiscordant couples attending HIV clinics in Malaysia. The study examines the factors associated with HIV seroconversion, including sexual behaviors, adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and access to preventive measures. The findings shed light on the challenges faced by serodiscordant couples in Malaysia and provide valuable information for the development of targeted interventions and support services.

Objective: To develop a method of low manual processing of the duodenum when the tumor of the stomach passes to the wall of the duodenum.

Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of the results of processing the duodenal stump was carried out in 46 patients with stage III-IV locally advanced gastric cancer who underwent standard and palliative gastrectomy for the period from 2012 to 2021 in the department of thoracoabdominal surgery, Samarkand branch of RSSPMCO and R. All patients underwent combined gastrectomy with planar resection and thermoelectrocoagulation of areas of growth of the stomach tumor into the head of the pancreas for gastric cancer with the transition to the duodenum. Depending on the method, the treatment of the stump is 12 p.k. the patients were divided into two groups. In the 1st group - 31 (67.39%) patients, the duodenal stump was sealed manually, and in the second group, 15 (32.60%) patients had the duodenal stump mechanically sealed using the UO-40 apparatus and due to partial The defect of the stump was additionally sutured manually.

Results: Our studies have shown that the incidence of duodenal stump suture failure in patients after gastrectomy with the tumor moving into the proximal part of the duodenum with the manual method was 6.4% (2 patients). With the combined method, stump failure was noted in 1 (6.6%) patient.

Conclusions: The proposed method of processing the duodenal stump is quite simple, hermetic, which can be recommended for a wide surgical practice.