This research paper focuses on the application of fuzzy clustering techniques to analyze investment projects in Tabriz Municipality Waste Management Organization, with an ecological approach. Waste management organizations face the challenge of effectively prioritizing and allocating resources to various investment projects that aim to address environmental concerns. In this study, a fuzzy clustering methodology is employed to group investment projects based on their ecological characteristics, considering factors such as waste reduction, recycling, renewable energy utilization, and environmental impact. By analyzing project data and employing fuzzy clustering algorithms, this research provides a comprehensive analysis of investment project clusters, highlighting their ecological features and potential synergies. The findings contribute to informed decision-making in the prioritization of investment projects and the optimization of resource allocation in waste management organizations, fostering sustainable and environmentally friendly practices.

This research paper explores the dynamic field of managerial innovation and its intersection with the art of open innovation management. It delves into the strategies, practices, and challenges involved in leading organizational innovation efforts and harnessing the power of open innovation. The study highlights the significance of effective managerial approaches in fostering a culture of innovation and leveraging external collaborations to drive sustainable competitive advantage. Through an in-depth analysis of case studies and empirical research, this paper provides valuable insights into the crucial role of managers in orchestrating open innovation initiatives and propelling organizational growth and success.

The study aimed at investigating the provision of cordial relationship by PTA in the management of public secondary schools in south west region of Cameroon. The study was guided by two specific objectives which are; to find out the extern to which friendly relationship between the PTA and the school administration impacts the management of public secondary schools and how conducive environment provided by the PTA and the principal impact the management of public secondary schools. The exploratory research design was adopted for the study. The target population of the study consisted of teachers, principals and PTA officials in the Fako, Meme, Manyu and Kupe Mauenguba divisions. The sample size of the study consisted of 411 teachers, 34 principals, and 102 PTA officials (34 PTA presidents, 34 PTA treasurers and 34 PTA secretary generals), giving a total of 547 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaire, focus group discussions and interview. The reliability analysis of the questionnaire stood at 0.887. The quantitative data were analysed using both the descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS 25 while qualitative data were analysed thematically. Findings reviled that Descriptively, 59.3% of PTA officials reported a friendly relationship while 40.7% did not reported a cordial relationship which is significant.  Also in aggregate, 65.9% of PTA officials reported a conducive environment with the school administration while 34.1% did not reported a conducive environment with the school administration which is significant. And, further analysis showed that there is a significant, positive and moderate relationship between cordial relationship by PTA and the management of secondary schools (R-value = .308**, p-value = 0.000< 0.05). The positive nature of the relationship implies that management of secondary schools is more likely to be good when the school administration does have healthy cordial relationship with PTA. Therefore, the hypothesis that states there is a significant relationship between cordial relationship by PTAs’ and the management of secondary schools was accepted. In support of the above hypothesis statistics, further analysis using the cross tabulations approach revealed that more of schools with effective management 67.3% are those whose relationship by PTA is cordial which is significantly higher when compared to schools with effective management 40.9% but not having a cordial relationship by PTA (p-value = 0.000 < 0.05). This implies that cordial relationship by PTA significantly affect school management. In addition, the teachers and principals also indicated that cordial relationship between PTA and principals enhances school management, foster the recruitment and payment of teachers as well as provision of infrastructures to the school, contribute in the growth of the school, enhances the attainment of schools goals and objectives, makes it easier for the school to realize it projects, easy communication of school needs and development projects to parents, enable the school to benefit from infrastructural support, and human resources which ease the teaching leaning process, makes it easier for the school to benefit from pedagogic materials and improved school discipline, and help to better lure parents help in the character formation of students. Based on the above findings, it was generally recommended that all PTA should adequately support their schools given that a significant percentage of PTA officials reported little or no support to their school.

This research paper aims to investigate the impact of various tourism industry scenarios on urban economies. The tourism sector plays a crucial role in driving economic growth and development in many cities worldwide. However, the dynamics and outcomes of tourism can vary significantly depending on various factors such as tourist trends, destination marketing strategies, infrastructure development, and policy frameworks. This study undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the potential scenarios that can shape the relationship between the tourism industry and urban economies. By examining case studies, statistical data, and expert insights, this research provides valuable insights into the economic implications of different tourism industry scenarios and offers recommendations for policymakers and urban planners to optimize the positive impacts and mitigate potential challenges.