The paper focus on the structures of Nigeria industrial economy ,  Nigerian MSEs are more developed than the SSE, with production techniques characterized by organised factory–type processing of more complex goods. They dominate in textiles, readymade garments, metal products, footwear as well as pharmaceutical products, and cater for a wide market. They employ relatively high technology, but unlike large scale enterprises (LSEs), are less capital intensive. In a number of cases, they represent backward integration from trading activities. Access to technology is not a major constraint; they are able to employ technical specialists to install equipment and train employees. The LSEs comprises the modern factories, often with multi-national linkages, using the state-of-the-art technologies and mass-producing for both domestic and export markets. The analysis of industrial structure by size, in 2006, showed that SSEs constituted 65.5 per cent, while the MSEs and LSEs constituted 32.0 and 2.5 per cent respectively.

Access to accurate and timely price information is crucial for farmers to make informed decisions about crop production, marketing, and sales. This study presents a case study of brinjal price forecasting in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, aiming to empower farmers by providing them with future price information. The study utilizes historical price data, market trends, weather patterns, and other relevant factors to develop a forecasting model for brinjal prices. The accuracy of the forecasted prices is evaluated, and the implications for farmers' decision-making and economic outcomes are discussed. The findings highlight the potential benefits of price forecasting in enabling farmers to optimize their production, pricing, and sales strategies, ultimately improving their livelihoods and contributing to the overall agricultural sector's efficiency.

Ethics in the realm of business and marketing play a pivotal role in shaping organizational culture, decision-making processes, and long-term sustainability. This paper examines the intricate relationship between ethical dilemmas and moral strategic decisions, emphasizing the importance of navigating the crossroads where conflicting values and interests intersect. By exploring case studies and theoretical frameworks, this study aims to provide insights into the complexities of ethical decision-making, highlighting the need for businesses to adopt a proactive approach rooted in deontological principles. By integrating ethical considerations into strategic planning and operational activities, organizations can establish a strong ethical foundation that promotes trust, reputation, and stakeholder value. This paper serves as a resource for managers, marketers, and professionals seeking guidance on how to address ethical challenges while making sound strategic decisions.

This study examines the boomerang effect of firms' investments in corporate social responsibility (CSR) during product recalls. While previous research has shown that CSR investments can enhance a firm's reputation and mitigate negative perceptions during crises, we propose that excessive CSR investments during product recalls may lead to a boomerang effect, where stakeholders perceive these investments as insincere or strategic attempts to deflect attention from the recall itself. Drawing on the theory of attribution, we argue that stakeholders are more likely to attribute strategic motives to excessive CSR investments during product recalls, resulting in negative evaluations of the firm's sincerity and reputation. We test our hypotheses using a combination of survey data and experimental designs. The findings suggest that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between firms' CSR investments during recalls and stakeholders' perceptions of the firm's sincerity and reputation. Moreover, this boomerang effect is moderated by the level of stakeholders' pre-existing trust in the firm. Overall, our study sheds light on the complex relationship between CSR investments and crisis management strategies, highlighting the need for firms to carefully calibrate their CSR efforts during product recalls.

Even though Nigeria’s special economic zone (SEZ) policies own their inception to the observed success of Lekki free trade SEZs on FDI inflows, job creation, and industrialization, hardly any attempt has been made by Nigerian researchers and policy makers to understand what exactly made lekki so successful. This thesis discusses the fundamental elements which contributed to the success of SEZ’s in Nigeria while drawing lessons to analyze the challenges facing the development of Nigeria’s zones. On the basis of analyzing such factors, I argue that China’s policies on SEZ’s cannot be expected to deliver similar performance levels when crudely applied to the geopolitical and economic disparities across Nigerian regions, rather, Nigeria’s SEZ policy requires careful identification of enabling factors, and implementation of supplementary policies for factors which differentiate it from China, while also taking into consideration some inherent similarities which can contribute its local success story.

Online financial crimes are on the rise in the recent past in India.  The Reserve Bank of India is taking lot of initiatives in this regard on a continuous basis.  Despite the continuous measures and awareness by the topmost banking regulator, the perpetrators are doing their fraudulent activities continuously.  The perpetrators use lots of tricks and techniques to win the trust of the public so as to defraud them.  The ignorant and innocent public also fall prey to their cunning tricks and get victimised by losing money.  Lesser amount of fraud may not seem to be a big threat at the first sight.  But if we calculate the aggregate of all the money lost in our country in a particular period, surely it will be an alarm for the policy makers.  Also, the duped money may lead to terror funding.  The fraudsters become more innovative than the techies.  There were considerable number of frauds recorded in the last 2 years in India in which the fraudsters pose themselves as armed forces to win the trust of the public and defraud them.  The trust and the sentiments of the public towards the security personnels of the country is misused by the perpetrators for defrauding.  This article collects a bunch of real time cases published in various leading newspapers as a sample and analyses the real cause and reason for the online financial crimes by imposters as armed forces and provide suggestions to prevent the same.  This article may be the first of its kind to analyse how the people are getting trapped by using the name of armed forces.

This study conducts a comparative analysis to examine the financial information reporting and behavior of listed companies in Iran. The research investigates the level of compliance with financial reporting standards and identifies the factors that influence the reporting behavior of these companies. By analyzing the financial statements and disclosures of a sample of listed companies, the study provides insights into the quality and transparency of financial information in Iran's capital market. The findings shed light on the challenges and opportunities for improving financial reporting practices in the country.