Local duck rearing is an important source of income and food for small-scale farmers in many developing countries. However, the production performance of local ducks is often limited by various constraints that affect their productivity and profitability. This study aimed to assess the production performance of local ducks and identify the constraints of duck rearing at the farmer's level in a selected community in Nigeria. A case study design was employed, including both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The study found that local duck production was a profitable enterprise for farmers, but they faced several constraints that limited their productivity, including disease outbreaks, poor nutrition, inadequate housing, and lack of access to credit and markets. The study highlights the need to improve local duck production by providing farmers with access to extension services, credit, and markets and training on best management practices.

Downer Cow Syndrome (DCS) is a debilitating condition observed in dairy animals that significantly affects their welfare and productivity. This study aims to identify the predisposing factors influencing the occurrence of DCS in dairy animals in selected districts of Tamil Nadu, India. A total of X dairy farms was selected for the study, and data were collected through structured interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory analysis. The collected data were analysed using statistical methods to identify the significant predisposing factors associated with DCS. The results provide insights into the key factors contributing to the occurrence of DCS in dairy animals and can aid in formulating preventive strategies and management interventions to reduce the incidence of this syndrome.

This research article aims to establish hematologic and serum biochemical reference values in chemically immobilized free-ranging samba, providing valuable insights into wildlife health and conservation. The study involved a comprehensive analysis of blood samples collected from a representative sample of samba individuals in their natural habitat. Hematologic parameters, such as red blood cell count, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin levels, were measured, along with serum biochemical parameters, including glucose, albumin, and liver enzyme levels. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the reference values, and potential variations based on age, sex, habitat, and seasonality were explored. The findings contribute to our understanding of samba health, facilitate early disease detection, and support effective conservation management strategies.

The use of probiotics and enzymes as feed additives in broiler chicken production has gained increasing attention due to their potential to improve growth performance and meat quality. This study aimed to assess the synergistic effect of probiotic and enzyme on the physical characteristics and consumer preference of broiler chickens. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with three treatment groups: control group (basal diet), probiotic group (basal diet + probiotic), and enzyme group (basal diet + enzyme). The study was carried out for six weeks, during which the physical characteristics of broiler chickens and sensory evaluation of meat were recorded. The results showed that the combination of probiotic and enzyme significantly improved the growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens, as well as consumer preference. Therefore, the use of probiotic and enzyme as feed additives could be a potential alternative to antibiotics and growth promoters for the poultry industry.

Pyometra is a common reproductive disorder in dogs, characterized by the accumulation of pus in the uterus. Hematological evaluation is an important diagnostic tool for assessing the severity of pyometra and monitoring the effectiveness of medical treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the hematological parameters of medically treated cases of pyometra in dogs. A total of 50 female dogs with pyometra were included in the study. The dogs were treated with antibiotics and fluid therapy, and their hematological parameters were evaluated before and after treatment. The results showed a significant improvement in most hematological parameters after treatment, including white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. The findings of this study suggest that hematological evaluation is a valuable tool in the management of pyometra in dogs.

This study aims to explore the mental model of cattle farmers regarding disease prevention and control practices. Understanding the perspectives and beliefs of farmers is essential for designing effective interventions and improving animal health outcomes. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with cattle farmers in a specific region. Thematic analysis was employed to identify recurring themes and patterns in farmers' perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors related to disease prevention and control. The findings shed light on the underlying mental model of farmers, including their understanding of diseases, risk perception, decision-making processes, and the factors influencing their adoption of preventive measures. This research contributes to the development of targeted and context-specific strategies to enhance disease prevention and control practices among cattle farmers.

The ban on white grouper fishery in Turkey has raised concerns about the impact on the livelihoods of fishers and the conservation of the species. This study aimed to understand fishers' responses to the ban and their implications for conservation and livelihoods. We conducted interviews with 50 fishers in six different coastal communities in Turkey. The findings indicate that the ban has had negative impacts on the livelihoods of fishers, but most of them are willing to comply with the ban if they receive adequate compensation. Furthermore, the study found that the lack of alternative livelihood options is a major challenge for fishers. The study suggests that conservation measures should be accompanied by measures to support the livelihoods of affected fishers.