Volume 5.
Issue 08.

This comprehensive review examines the blending on board (BOB) technique and the oil analyzer system in the context of innovative engine lubrication management. BOB refers to the practice of blending lubricating oil additives directly on board a vessel, allowing for real-time customization of the lubricant's properties. The oil analyzer system, on the other hand, utilizes advanced analytical tools to monitor the condition and performance of lubricating oil in engines. This review explores the principles, advantages, and challenges associated with BOB and the oil analyzer system, and their collective impact on engine lubrication management. It discusses the potential benefits of BOB, such as enhanced operational efficiency, reduced maintenance costs, and improved environmental sustainability. The oil analyzer system's ability to detect and diagnose engine issues and optimize lubrication strategies is also highlighted. The review further discusses the integration of BOB and the oil analyzer system, their compatibility with different engine types, and the future prospects for their widespread adoption in the maritime industry.

This study, examined school principals’ conflict management strategies as a determinant of teachers’ job effectiveness in Catholic Secondary Schools in the Wouri Division, Littoral Region of Cameroon. It adopted the exploratory sequential mixed method research design/ approach. The targeted population of the study comprised the 744 teachers and 13 school principals in 13 Catholic secondary schools in the Wouri Division. Eight (08) principals were purposefully sampled and three hundred (300) teachers were randomly sampled from eight (08) Catholic Secondary Schools. An interview guide and questionnaires were the tolls adopted for the study administered to school principals and teachers/principals .The overall reliability analysis of the tolls was 0.757. Generally, when the Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient value is above 0.5 especially in a context where the test items to some extent are directly related to one another as it was the case in the context of this study, the instrument is considered to be valid and reliable for analysis. Findings showed, in aggregate, that most school principals used preferred strategies in managing conflicts that affect teachers’ job effectiveness in Catholic secondary schools such as confrontation (52.1%), awareness raising (47.9%), recollection/moral instructions/mass (41.7%) and dialogue (35.4%). On the part of teachers’ the most common strategy that principals use in managing conflicts that affect teachers’ job effectiveness in Catholic secondary schools is the organization of  recollections/masses with a proportion of 41.3%,  followed by confrontation at 40.1%, awareness raising 38,0% and dialogue 32.9%. Statistically, findings revealed that there is a significant effect of school principals’ conflict management strategies on teachers’ job effectiveness (calculated r-value=0.339**, P-value =0.000, < 0.05). Based on the findings, it was recommended among other things that conflict management should be introduced in the citizenship syllables for secondary and higher learning institutions to educate learners about the adverse effect of conflicts and how conflicts can be positively managed.

This study aims to assess the impact of shading on the thermal performance of a dormitory building in a hot climate. With the increasing need for energy-efficient buildings and occupant comfort, the role of shading in mitigating heat gain and improving thermal comfort becomes crucial. The study utilizes a dynamic thermal modeling approach to simulate the thermal behavior of the dormitory building under various shading scenarios. The performance indicators evaluated include indoor temperature, cooling load, solar heat gain, and energy consumption. By comparing different shading strategies, the study provides insights into the effectiveness of shading in enhancing the thermal performance of the dormitory building. The findings can guide architects, engineers, and building owners in optimizing shading techniques to improve energy efficiency and occupant comfort in dormitory buildings located in hot climates.

This article explores the application of developmental theories in geriatric social work practice to enhance understanding and intervention strategies. Geriatric social work focuses on the unique needs and challenges faced by older adults, and developmental theories provide valuable frameworks for comprehending the aging process and its impact on individuals' lives. By integrating developmental theories into practice, social workers can gain deeper insights into the psychosocial, emotional, and cognitive changes that occur in older adults. This article examines several prominent developmental theories, including Erikson's psychosocial theory, Levinson's seasons of life theory, and Baltes and Baltes' selective optimization with compensation theory. It explores how these theories can inform assessments, interventions, and support services tailored to the diverse needs of older adults. The integration of developmental theories in geriatric social work practice promotes person-centered care, encourages holistic approaches, and enhances the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving the well-being and quality of life of older adults.