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The American Journal of Engineering and Technology

Volume 8.
Issue 2.

Volume 08 Issue 02

February 2026

Explore the research published in this issue. Read article details, abstracts and available full-text files.

Open access ISSN 2689-0984 35 articles
tajet ISSN 2689-0984

Ideas without
boundaries.

The American Journal of Engineering and Technology

VOLUME 8 / ISSUE 2 FEBRUARY 2026
IN THIS ISSUE

Table of contents.

35 articles

Engineering and Technology

35 articles
1
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 11 February 2026

Intelligent Automation in DevOps: Transforming Software Deployment and Maintenance through AI-Driven Approaches

Samuel R. Thompson

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The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into modern software engineering practices has precipitated a paradigm shift in how deployment, maintenance, and operational efficiency are conceived within DevOps frameworks. This paper investigates the theoretical underpinnings, practical applications, and emerging trends of AI-driven DevOps, emphasizing intelligent automation as a core enabler of enhanced reliability, scalability, and system resilience. By critically synthesizing prior research, including seminal work by Varanasi (2025) on machine learning-based deployment and maintenance strategies, this study contextualizes AI’s transformative role in site reliability engineering (SRE), continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, and operational analytics. The research explores multi-dimensional perspectives, encompassing historical evolution, methodological approaches, algorithmic governance, and risk mitigation strategies. Challenges such as explainability, model bias, and the integration of AI into legacy infrastructure are thoroughly examined. Further, the study delineates the economic, strategic, and organizational implications of AI-driven automation in enterprise environments, providing actionable insights for practitioners and researchers alike. The findings underscore the necessity of a holistic, multi-tiered approach to intelligent DevOps adoption, revealing both opportunities and critical risks associated with reliance on AI in high-stakes software engineering environments. This work contributes a comprehensive framework for understanding and operationalizing AI in DevOps, integrating theoretical rigor with practical relevance.

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2
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 27 February 2026

Transforming Clinical Research Paradigms: An Integrated Framework for AI-Driven Patient Recruitment, Virtual Trial Architectures, and the Promotion of Health Equity

Dr. Elena Vance

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The traditional landscape of clinical research is currently undergoing a fundamental shift, moving from centralized, resource-heavy methodologies to agile, decentralized, and data-centric frameworks. This transformation is necessitated by escalating costs, suboptimal participant recruitment, and a persistent lack of demographic representation in clinical cohorts. This article provides a comprehensive investigation into the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) as primary catalysts for this evolution. We examine the comparative efficacy of AI-powered trial matching against manual Electronic Medical Record (EMR) screening, the operational economics of virtual clinical trials as evidenced by pioneering decentralized studies, and the emergence of digital biomarkers as tools for continuous monitoring. Furthermore, this research addresses the critical imperative of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI), analyzing how algorithmic strategies can mitigate historical biases and satisfy evolving regulatory mandates for racial and ethnic representation. By synthesizing evidence from oncology clinical decision support tools and big data analytics, this study posits a new theoretical model for the "Intelligent Trial"-a framework that optimizes site selection, enhances patient retention through digital consenting, and leverages real-world data to bridge the gap between experimental results and public health outcomes.

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3
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 07 February 2026

Design and Implementation of a Radio Frequency Identification Automating Lighting and Electrical Appliance Control in An Office System

Matthew O. Oyeleye, Oluwafimihan I. Iyanda

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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology offers an innovative approach to automating lighting and appliance control systems in office environments. This abstract outlines the design and implementation of an RFID control system that manages lighting and appliances in an office setting. Authorized RFID cards are used to activate appliances upon entry, while continuous RFID scanning ensures that devices are turned OFF automatically when no card is detected. The system was designed using an Arduino Nano microcontroller, an MFRC522 RFID reader, and a 5V relay module. Simulations were conducted using Fritzing, Tinkercad and Arduino IDE to validate practical circuit design and control logic. The physical prototype was tested in an office environment, demonstrating effective control of lighting and a connected 746W A/C appliance. The system was implemented in an office with ten 18W LED lamps achieving a lux level of 500 and 1 HP air conditioner. The ratio of controlled light with RFID to unmonitored RFID is 1:3 indicating that the RFID controlled light energy consumption is 67% lower. The results highlight the potential of RFID technology in modernizing office spaces, improving resource management, and minimizing energy wastage.

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4
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 15 February 2026

Selection Of Optimal Parameters For Primary Processing Of Mulle Cocoons By A Combined (IR + US) Method

Safarov Jasur, Sultanova Shakhnoza, Fu Yaqin, Usenov Azamat, Samandarov Doston, Dushanova Dilnoza

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This scientific study is devoted to an experimental investigation of the effectiveness of a combined ultrasonic and infrared treatment method for reviving silkworm pupae. The study assessed the effects of treatment time, temperature, and ultrasound frequency on the degree of pupal necrosis. Experiments were conducted at a temperature of 60-80°C, an ultrasound frequency of 20-40 kHz, and a treatment time of 180-480 seconds. The results showed that the degree of necrosis consistently increased with increasing treatment time and ultrasound frequency. High efficiency was found to be achieved even at low temperatures, especially at an ultrasound frequency of 40 kHz. Based on the experimental results, optimal treatment parameters were proposed for high-quality degreasing of silkworm cocoons and minimizing the negative impact on cocoon quality. The obtained results have practical implications for the development of energy-saving and modern technological solutions in sericulture.

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5
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 28 February 2026

Adaptive Protection Strategy for Connected Clinical Technologies through Secure Threat Intelligence Techniques

Prof. Isabelle Tremblay

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The proliferation of connected clinical technologies, including Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices, electronic health record systems, and remote monitoring platforms, has significantly enhanced patient care and clinical decision-making. However, this interconnectivity also exposes healthcare systems to evolving cybersecurity threats, which can compromise patient data integrity, device functionality, and clinical outcomes. Traditional reactive security mechanisms are often insufficient for the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of modern healthcare environments, necessitating proactive, adaptive approaches to threat mitigation. This research proposes an Adaptive Protection Strategy (APS) framework for connected clinical technologies, leveraging secure threat intelligence techniques to anticipate, identify, and mitigate potential vulnerabilities in real time.

The APS framework integrates principles from clinical decision support, cyber risk modeling, and IoMT cybersecurity. It combines predictive analytics, dynamic risk assessment, and secure communication protocols to provide continuous monitoring and adaptive defense mechanisms. Drawing from decision analysis methodologies (Dolan, 1990; Thornton & Lilford, 1995), electronic device integration strategies (Kulivnuk, 2011), and modern cardiorehabilitation technologies (Shved & Levitskaya, 2016), the framework aligns clinical operational requirements with cybersecurity best practices. Furthermore, the system incorporates a smart risk prediction model, as proposed by Mirza et al. (2025), to dynamically evaluate threat probabilities and recommend adaptive protective measures.

Evaluation of the APS framework indicates that adaptive, intelligence-driven security strategies significantly enhance the resilience of connected clinical technologies against targeted attacks, system misconfigurations, and data breaches. The study highlights that the integration of predictive threat intelligence with clinical decision-making tools allows healthcare providers to maintain operational continuity while mitigating cybersecurity risks. Importantly, APS facilitates a balance between clinical workflow efficiency and robust security, demonstrating that proactive, adaptive defenses can coexist with high-quality patient care.

This research contributes to the intersection of healthcare informatics, IoMT cybersecurity, and clinical operations by providing a structured, scalable, and intelligence-driven approach to securing connected clinical technologies. The study establishes a foundation for future investigations into predictive security frameworks that adapt to evolving clinical and technological environments, ensuring patient safety, data integrity, and operational efficiency in digital healthcare systems.

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6
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 24 February 2026

Visual Analytics in U.S. Retail: A Data-driven Business Intelligence Framework for Mapping the Retail KPI Matrix

Kazi Obaidur Rahman, Achhia Khanam , Songeta Dhar, Mehedi Hasan, Amir Hamza Akash, Md Ashiqur Rahman Khan, Shamina Sharmin Jishan, Fairuz Sadaf Aishwarya

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Visual analytics approach in mapping the KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) of US retail landscape has become indispensable. Since the US retail has become more dynamic and competitive, intensified by rapidly evolving e-commerce and changing consumer behaviors, retailers tend to rely on this real-time data-driven decision-making approach to remain competitive. Business Intelligence (BI) applications play significant roles in optimizing retail KPI mapping with visual analytics through interactive dashboards, charts, graphs, and KPI matrix.

This research paper proposes a robust framework for visual analytics in optimizing the U.S. retail KPI matrix by integrating the Business Intelligence (BI) tools. This framework supports stakeholders with valuable insights from high-velocity data streams for taking data-driven strategic decisions to stay competitive. In this article, we demonstrate how visual analytics supports stakeholders in decision-making process, enhances interpretability, and maximize outcomes by applying BI application.  

The key findings include a set of KPI matrix for a typical U.S. retail entity, interactive dashboards based on this KPIs for visualizing the entity’s operational, financial, and other business performance for taking strategic decision. Here, we integrated business intelligence tools like power BI in developing interactive dashboards, analyzing and visualizing KPIs for enhancing operational efficiency. We believe, this paper will contribute to the growing needs of academic literature on business intelligence applications in U.S. retail analytics. Besides, it enables retail investors and stakeholders to visualize the key business insights, business performance, prospects and opportunities.

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7
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 13 February 2026

Results Of Studying The Operational Process To Improve The Existing Aspiration System

Usanov Abdulkhakim, Raxmatjon Nazirov

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The article presents the results of a study conducted to substantiate the directions for improving the existing aspiration system of the UHK aggregate used for cleaning raw cotton at the "Angor" cotton processing enterprise in Surkhandarya region. The study examines the amount of fine impurities generated during the operation of the aspiration system, the fractional composition of the impurities, their transportation through aspiration pipelines, and the cleaning processes within the system.

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8
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 28 February 2026

The Convergence of IFRS Mandates and Artificial Intelligence: A Longitudinal Analysis of Financial Statement Comparability, Linguistic Complexity, And Multi-GAAP Reconciliation in The Digital Era

Alice Warren

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The global transition toward International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) was initially conceived as a mechanism to enhance financial statement comparability, reduce information asymmetry, and improve accounting quality. However, the efficacy of these standards has historically been moderated by national enforcement regimes, reporting incentives, and linguistic barriers. This research article provides a comprehensive examination of the evolution of global financial reporting, tracing the trajectory from mandatory IFRS adoption to the contemporary integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). By synthesizing foundational accounting literature with modern technological frameworks, this study investigates how the digital transformation of the finance function addresses long-standing challenges such as earnings management, disclosure obfuscation, and the complexities of multi-GAAP reconciliation. The analysis begins with a critical review of early adoption evidence, highlighting the disparate market reactions and the role of institutional environments in shaping accounting outcomes. It then transitions into the linguistic dimensions of financial reporting, exploring how natural language processing and AI-assisted frameworks mitigate the "Tower of Babel" effect in international capital markets. Finally, the study proposes a paradigm shift toward AI-driven reconciliation models that automate the alignment of local GAAP with international standards, thereby achieving the harmonization that principles-based standards alone could not fully realize. The findings suggest that while IFRS provided the linguistic and structural foundation for global markets, the combination of robust enforcement and advanced data analytics is the ultimate catalyst for high-quality, transparent, and comparable financial information.

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9
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 07 February 2026

Reconfiguring Knowledge, Learning, and Consulting Systems for Innovation-Driven Performance in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Christopher D. Halbrook

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Small and medium-sized enterprises increasingly operate in environments characterized by technological turbulence, knowledge fragmentation, and competitive intensity that challenge traditional managerial and strategic frameworks. Within this context, intellectual capital, absorptive capacity, and knowledge-based dynamic capabilities have emerged as foundational constructs for explaining how firms generate, sustain, and renew competitive advantage. At the same time, contemporary consulting for small and medium-sized enterprises has evolved beyond transactional advisory services toward complex, system-oriented models that integrate organizational learning, strategic alignment, and institutional embeddedness, as theorized in the comprehensive framework advanced by Kovalchuk (2025). Despite the rich bodies of literature on intellectual capital, learning organizations, absorptive capacity, and innovation systems, scholarly research has yet to systematically integrate these constructs with modern consulting architectures designed specifically for small and medium-sized enterprises. This gap is theoretically significant because SMEs differ fundamentally from large firms in resource endowments, managerial cognition, and structural flexibility, while also being disproportionately dependent on external knowledge and advisory networks for survival and growth.

The discussion situates these findings within broader debates on organizational learning, national innovation systems, and the evolving role of external knowledge intermediaries. It highlights how complex consulting models function as boundary-spanning institutions that enhance SMEs’ participation in interactive learning networks described by Lundvall (1988) and Lundvall and Johnson (1994). The study concludes by outlining implications for theory, practice, and future research, emphasizing the necessity of viewing consulting not as an external add-on but as an embedded component of the SME knowledge ecosystem.

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10
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 20 February 2026

Standardization-Aligned Generative AI Sensor Fusion For Secure Digital Twin Ecosystems In Manufacturing And Healthcare Cyber-Physical Systems

Daniel Kovacs

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The rapid convergence of generative artificial intelligence, cyber-physical systems, and digital twin technologies has created a transformative inflection point for both advanced manufacturing and data-intensive healthcare. Across these sectors, organizations are increasingly compelled to integrate heterogeneous sensor streams, automate decision-making, and ensure cyber-physical trustworthiness under strict regulatory and safety constraints. While the literature has developed rich but fragmented insights into artificial intelligence in manufacturing, generative modeling in healthcare, and standardization for cyber-physical interoperability, a unified conceptual and methodological framework for generative AI–driven sensor fusion within secure digital twin ecosystems remains underdeveloped. This gap is especially problematic given the escalating reliance on digital twins for real-time operational control, predictive maintenance, personalized clinical pathways, and safety-critical diagnostics.

This study develops and elaborates an integrated research framework that positions generative AI–based sensor fusion as the epistemic core of secure digital twin ecosystems. The framework draws conceptually from manufacturing 4.0 scholarship, healthcare informatics, and standardization-aligned cyber-physical systems research, synthesizing these literatures into a coherent architecture that addresses synchronization, probabilistic reasoning, fault detection, and reliability at scale. Central to this synthesis is the generative AI sensor fusion paradigm articulated by Hussain et al. (2026), which provides a standardization-aligned theoretical anchor for secure digital twins across cyber-physical domains. By situating this paradigm within broader debates on AI augmentation versus automation, ethical and governance challenges, and sector-specific performance imperatives, the article demonstrates how generative models move beyond predictive analytics to become epistemic engines of cyber-physical understanding.

Methodologically, the study employs a qualitative, theory-driven synthesis of manufacturing, healthcare, and AI standardization literature to construct a multi-layered analytical model. This model explicates how heterogeneous data sources, ranging from industrial sensors to electronic health records and medical imaging systems, can be fused through generative architectures into probabilistically coherent digital twins. The approach also critically examines interoperability standards, cybersecurity constraints, and organizational governance structures that shape the real-world viability of such systems.

The results of this synthesis indicate that generative AI sensor fusion enables digital twins to transition from static simulation artifacts into adaptive, self-updating epistemic infrastructures. In manufacturing, this manifests as predictive maintenance, autonomous quality control, and energy-aware optimization, while in healthcare it supports real-time patient modeling, care pathway optimization, and personalized treatment planning. Across both domains, the reliability and trustworthiness of these outcomes depend on standardization-aligned synchronization and fault detection mechanisms that mitigate data drift, adversarial manipulation, and system fragility, as emphasized by Hussain et al. (2026).

The discussion extends these findings into a broader theoretical and policy discourse, addressing the implications of generative digital twins for labor, professional autonomy, ethics, and global technological governance. By comparing divergent scholarly positions on AI augmentation, automation, and socio-technical risk, the article argues that secure digital twin ecosystems require not only technical excellence but also institutional alignment with international standards, ethical toolkits, and interoperable data infrastructures.

In conclusion, this research establishes generative AI–driven sensor fusion as a foundational paradigm for secure digital twin ecosystems that span manufacturing and healthcare. It offers a theoretically grounded and practically oriented framework that advances both scholarly understanding and policy-relevant design principles for the next generation of cyber-physical systems.

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11
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 11 February 2026

Determination Of The Pressure Gradient In The Basis Of Concrete Hydraulic Structures Using The Regression Model In Complex Conditions

Aysanem M. Ablatova, Daniyar T. Paluanov

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In the absence of control and measuring devices, it is important to investigate filtration processes at the base of hydraulic structures located in complex conditions and to improve calculation methods that take into account changes in soils during operation. The purpose of the research is to determine the pressure gradient in the foundations of concrete hydraulic structures located in complex conditions of the republic. The methodology includes the theory of similarity and dimensionality, which is widely used in various fields of science and technology, as well as the theory of experiment planning with the aim of minimizing the experiment. The results showed that as the length of the structure increases, the pressure gradient initially decreases, and then stabilizes at a low level. This corresponds to a slower increase in water pressure compared to the length under the chosen conditions. The dependence of the pressure gradient on the length, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of the soils of the structure's base, made it possible to ensure the safety of the structure in the absence of control and measuring devices for practice.

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12
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 28 February 2026

The Convergence of Cloud-Native Orchestration, Artificial Intelligence, And Cybersecurity: A Multi-Domain Framework for Distributed Intelligence and Enterprise Efficiency

Dr. Elena Vance

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The contemporary digital landscape is defined by the rapid convergence of cloud computing, edge intelligence, and sophisticated algorithmic frameworks. As organizations transition toward decentralized infrastructures, the need for robust orchestration, secure development life cycles, and high-fidelity artificial intelligence becomes paramount. This research provides an exhaustive exploration of the mechanisms driving this transformation. We analyze the role of API simulators in cloud orchestration, specifically focusing on the mimicry of VMware vCloud Director to enhance testing reliability. Furthermore, the paper investigates the integration of DevSecOps through advanced security tools within CI/CD pipelines to mitigate vulnerabilities such as cache-based attacks on cryptographic protocols. In the realm of artificial intelligence, we examine the evolution of self-supervised learning for object detection, transformer architectures for visual question answering, and the application of AI in specialized sectors such as career coaching for design students and smart agriculture for food security. By synthesizing data from Internet of Things reference architectures and fog computing models, this study establishes a comprehensive theoretical foundation for future distributed real-time software management. The methodology focuses on simulation-driven testing and architectural modeling, while results indicate that predictive analytics and algorithm-driven logistics significantly enhance operational efficiency. This article concludes that the future of enterprise architecture lies in the seamless integration of predictive intelligence and secure, automated resource management.

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13
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 05 February 2026

Real-Time Log Analytics in Distributed Systems: Minimal-Latency Detection of Critical Events for Cloud-Native Back-End Platforms

Ivan Akimov

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The paper examines real-time log analytics for distributed, cloud-native back-end systems, where operational decisions depend on the rapid recognition of critical runtime conditions. The relevance follows from the latency sensitivity of microservice-based finance and trading workloads, where propagation of failures, retries, and cascading timeouts rapidly degrades user-facing and internal processing. The novelty lies in an integrated analytical synthesis that ties stream-processing scalability evidence, tracing-tool capabilities, monitoring-tool taxonomies, instrumentation overhead studies, and modern log-anomaly detection research into one consistent engineering narrative. The study aims to develop a low-latency detection approach based on peer-reviewed findings. To achieve this goal, the work employs a systematic selection of recent literature, structured extraction of architectural patterns, and comparative reasoning across the ingestion, correlation, detection, and alerting stages. The analysis encompasses distributed stream processing benchmarks, near-real-time processing in practical architectures, runtime verification for streaming systems, and state-of-the-art log anomaly detection methods. The closing part derives design implications for practitioners building observability and incident-response pipelines.

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14
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 24 February 2026

Contemporary Trends and Challenges in Hr Technologies

Mykhailo Petrenko

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The study synthesizes peer-reviewed evidence from 2024–2025 on HR technologies that restructure recruitment workflows in large U.S. organizations. Relevance follows from persistent hiring frictions—multi-week time-to-fill, high screening labor, and delayed ramp-up—which curb innovation in technology sectors. Novelty lies in an integrated reading that couples embedding-first retrieval and learning-to-rank with governance-by-design for candidate-facing modules. The review maps how résumé/job-description embeddings, compact foundation-model filters with post-hoc explanations, and skill-graph enrichment improve early-stage recall and shortlist quality, while chat-based and video-interview interfaces require validity safeguards. The paper formulates a design goal for integration-first platforms: overlay advanced scoring and explanations on incumbent ATS timelines rather than replace them. Methods include comparative reading of algorithmic evaluations (nDCG, RBO, F1/recall), legal-doctrinal synthesis on fairness and auditability, and triangulation with empirical studies of applicant behavior in automated interviews. Sources span ten recent articles in information systems, management, law, and psychology. The conclusion specifies implementation controls (feature governance, logging, escalation) and a measurement plan suitable for enterprise deployments in high-volume tech hiring.

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15
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 28 February 2026

Analysis of Equipment for Separating Cotton Pieces from Cotton Cleaning Equipment Waste

Djamolov R.K., Karimov T.K.

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This article proposes an improved regenerator design for cleaning fibrous material. A drawback of existing analogues is that when the material is conveyed by an air stream, a portion of it passes in transit to the outlet pipe, which leads to a decrease in cleaning efficiency and a large amount of cotton pieces entering the waste. In the proposed device, an auger installed in the upper part of the main saw drum forcibly moves the material along the drum's axis, directing it to the re-cleaning zone and ensuring the regeneration process.

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16
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 05 February 2026

Human-in-the-Loop Frameworks in Automated Decision Systems: A Systematic Analysis of Design Patterns, Performance Characteristics, and Deployment Considerations

Srinivasarao Daruna

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The article examines Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) architectures for automated decision-making systems deployed in enterprise operations and regulated domains. The topic’s relevance follows from the rapid adoption of high-capacity models alongside stricter requirements for accountability, traceability, explainability, and risk control. The paper’s novelty lies in formalizing a taxonomy of intervention modes and linking engineering choices to operational metrics rather than to model accuracy alone. The study identifies four recurring intervention patterns—pre-emptive review, confidence-based routing, asynchronous audit, and exception handling—and specifies their placement within the decision pipeline. The analytical basis relies on a comparative synthesis of documented production deployments in finance, healthcare, and corporate operations, focusing on throughput, decision quality, latency, and per-case processing cost. The results indicate a non-linear trade-off between automation rate and decision quality and show that optimal thresholding depends on risk asymmetry and governance constraints. Practical recommendations address uncertainty calibration, reviewer interface design, and closed-loop feedback capture for continuous improvement. The overall objective is to provide a deployment-oriented framework for selecting HITL patterns and tuning escalation thresholds in high-stakes settings.

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17
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 16 February 2026

Features Of Geomechanical Processes Of Subcritical Deformation In The Vicinity Of The Face And Intersections Of Underground Mine Openings

Buriyev Shukurulla Ubaydullayevich, Nazarov Zair Sadikovich, Jiyanov Abdunor Bobokulovich, Avazov Adxambek Nurilla o‘g‘li

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This paper investigates the geomechanical behavior of rock masses in the zone of subcritical deformation around underground mine openings. The relationship between deformation and failure processes is analyzed with emphasis on stress–strain interaction under varying structural, geometric, and stress conditions. Analytical models were used to evaluate the distribution of stresses and displacements in homogeneous, isotropic, linearly deformable rock masses surrounding circular and non-circular excavations under different lateral pressure coefficients. The results demonstrate that maximum tangential stress occurs along zones of maximum curvature in the excavation contour, while stress concentration diminishes rapidly with distance from the excavation boundary. It is shown that subcritical deformation analysis allows prediction of post-critical rock pressure phenomena and provides a reliable basis for assessing the stability of underground workings. The presence of technological heterogeneities of blasting origin slightly increases displacements but reduces the influence of anisotropic stress conditions and contour shape, simplifying analytical modeling of the rock mass.

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18
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 28 February 2026

Graph Neural Network (GNN) and XAI for Adaptive, Cross-Institutional Fraud Detection

Ravi Teja Bonam

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The rapid digitalization of financial services has significantly increased the scale and complexity of fraudulent activities across financial institutions. Conventional fraud detection systems, primarily based on rule-based mechanisms and tabular machine learning models, often fail to identify sophisticated and interconnected fraud schemes spanning multiple institutions. Furthermore, increasing regulatory requirements regarding transparency and data privacy restrict direct sharing of financial transaction data among organizations. This study proposes a privacy-preserving and adaptive fraud detection framework that integrates Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), Federated Learning (FL), and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to enable collaborative fraud detection across institutions without compromising sensitive customer information.

The proposed framework models financial ecosystems as distributed heterogeneous graphs consisting of accounts, merchants, devices, and transactional relationships. A federated graph learning mechanism enables participating institutions to collaboratively train fraud detection models while preserving local data ownership. To address the interpretability limitations of deep learning systems in highly regulated financial environments, XAI techniques are integrated to provide transparent explanations for fraud predictions at transaction, account, and network levels. Additionally, adaptive learning strategies are incorporated to address evolving fraud patterns and concept drift over time.

The study presents the conceptual architecture, methodological framework, privacy-preserving mechanisms, explainability integration, and evaluation strategy for the proposed system. The framework aims to improve fraud detection accuracy, enhance regulatory compliance, and facilitate collaborative intelligence sharing among financial institutions while maintaining strict privacy guarantees.

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19
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 10 February 2026

Algorithmic Compliance and Trustworthy Generative Intelligence in Cloud-Native Health and Cyber-Physical Systems

Patrick E. Norwood

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The accelerating convergence of generative artificial intelligence, cloud-native machine learning operations, and regulatory governance is transforming how complex socio-technical systems are designed, deployed, and audited. Nowhere is this transformation more consequential than in highly regulated, data-intensive domains such as healthcare, cyber-physical infrastructure, and digital supply chains, where failures of accountability, privacy, or transparency produce not only economic harm but also direct risks to human life. While large language models and multimodal generative systems are increasingly embedded into operational decision pipelines, their integration into regulated environments remains theoretically underdeveloped and institutionally fragile. Existing scholarship has advanced powerful models, robust MLOps architectures, and sophisticated threat analyses, yet it has not produced a coherent framework that unifies algorithmic governance, auditability, and continuous compliance within production-scale artificial intelligence systems.

This article develops a comprehensive theory of algorithmic compliance grounded in the emerging paradigm of policy-as-code, operationalized through automated audit trails in machine learning pipelines. Drawing on the architecture and governance model introduced in HIPAA-as-Code: Automated Audit Trails in AWS SageMaker Pipelines (2025), the study treats regulatory obligations not as external constraints but as computational artifacts that co-evolve with model training, deployment, and inference. This approach is positioned within a broader landscape that includes large language model security, privacy-preserving learning, digital transformation theory, edge computing, and the infrastructural evolution toward 6G-enabled intelligent systems. By integrating insights from healthcare AI, cybersecurity, MLOps, and generative model governance, the paper establishes a unified conceptual foundation for trustworthy automation.

Methodologically, the research adopts a qualitative, systems-theoretic synthesis of interdisciplinary literature, drawing from cloud engineering, regulatory science, and artificial intelligence studies. The analysis reconstructs how compliance becomes fragile in dynamic model ecosystems, how auditability collapses under continuous deployment, and how generative models amplify both epistemic power and regulatory risk. The results demonstrate that only architectures that encode compliance directly into machine learning pipelines can sustain trust at scale, particularly when models learn, adapt, and interact autonomously. The discussion advances a new theory of algorithmic institutions in which regulatory rules, security controls, and ethical norms are embedded into executable systems rather than enforced after the fact.

The paper contributes a foundational framework for regulated generative intelligence, showing how HIPAA-as-Code represents not merely a healthcare innovation but a prototype for global AI governance. By extending this paradigm to edge computing, supply chains, and cyber-physical systems, the study offers a roadmap for constructing artificial intelligence infrastructures that remain lawful, transparent, and resilient even as they grow more autonomous and complex.

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20
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 25 February 2026

Enhancing Enterprise Security Management Using Hybrid Machine Learning and Large Language Model–Assisted Intrusion Detection

Mohammad Musa Mia, Md Mohibur Rahman, Md Abu Sayed, Rumana Akther Nipa, Sonjoy Kumar Dey, Kazi Abu Jahed, Md Yassir Mottalib

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Enterprise security management faces increasing challenges due to the growing complexity of corporate networks and the sophistication of cyberattacks. Traditional intrusion detection systems, while effective at identifying known threats, often struggle with novel attacks and lack interpretability, resulting in alert fatigue and delayed responses. In this study, I propose a hybrid framework that combines ensemble-based machine learning intrusion detection with large language model–assisted contextual reasoning to enhance both detection accuracy and explain ability. Using the CICIDS2017 dataset, I evaluate baseline classifiers including logistic regression, support vector machines, random forest, and gradient boosting, and compare them with the proposed hybrid architecture. Experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid model outperforms traditional approaches, achieving the highest accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the ROC curve. Beyond quantitative improvements, the large language model layer provides semantic explanations of detected threats, reduces false positives, and supports decision-making in enterprise security operations. This approach is particularly suitable for U.S. corporate environments, where real-time monitoring, interpretability, and compliance are critical. The findings highlight the potential of integrating advanced machine learning with contextual intelligence to create scalable, explainable, and operationally viable enterprise security solutions.

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21
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 15 February 2026

Transformative AI-Driven Quality Assurance Frameworks For Enterprise Software Evolution And Digital Maturity

Fabian Kruger

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The accelerating adoption of intelligent automation within enterprise software development has reshaped how organizations conceive, design, test, and sustain digital systems. The convergence of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and automated quality engineering has generated a profound shift from reactive testing practices toward predictive, adaptive, and continuously self-optimizing pipelines. Within this evolving landscape, the migration of legacy quality assurance environments to AI augmented architectures is not merely a technical upgrade but a structural transformation of organizational logic, epistemic trust, and governance in digital production. This article develops a comprehensive theoretical and empirical framework for understanding automation driven quality engineering within enterprise digital transformation, grounding its analysis in contemporary research on intelligent testing, secure code generation, model reliability, and self-healing automation while integrating the transformation blueprint articulated by Tiwari (2025).

The study positions AI augmented quality pipelines as socio-technical infrastructures that mediate between human judgment, algorithmic inference, and organizational accountability. Through an interpretive synthesis of existing scholarship, the article examines how intelligent test generation, reinforcement learning driven self-healing, prompt engineered software design, and privacy preserving learning architectures collectively redefine software reliability. Particular attention is given to the epistemological implications of delegating validation authority to machine learning models and the governance risks that emerge when quality becomes algorithmically inferred rather than procedurally verified.

Methodologically, the article employs a qualitative analytical framework combining comparative literature synthesis, conceptual modeling, and longitudinal transformation logic. Rather than focusing on numerical metrics, it interprets patterns of technological convergence and organizational change described across contemporary studies to construct a coherent theory of AI mediated quality assurance.

The results demonstrate that AI augmented pipelines dramatically expand defect detection, test coverage, and system adaptability, yet they also introduce new forms of opacity, privacy exposure, and model induced bias. These dualities are interpreted through enterprise transformation theory, revealing that digital maturity depends not only on technical automation but on institutional capacity to govern algorithmic decision making.

The discussion advances a theory of intelligent quality governance, arguing that sustainable digital transformation requires embedding ethical, security, and interpretability principles into the architecture of automated pipelines. The article concludes that the future of enterprise software quality lies not in replacing human expertise but in reconfiguring it through symbiotic human machine collaboration, guided by rigorous governance and continuous epistemic evaluation.

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22
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 28 February 2026

Clinical Sequence Pattern Recognition via Intelligent Dimension Minimization and Cognitive Computing Models

Dr. Lukas Gruber

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Clinical sequence analysis has emerged as one of the most significant computational challenges within modern healthcare intelligence systems. The expansion of biomedical monitoring infrastructures, cognitive healthcare analytics, and multidimensional diagnostic environments has generated highly complex sequential medical datasets characterized by nonlinear relationships, uncertain temporal structures, redundant feature dimensions, and adaptive behavioral variability. Traditional analytical systems frequently demonstrate limited capability in extracting meaningful diagnostic patterns from large-scale clinical sequences due to computational inefficiency, dimensional instability, and insufficient contextual reasoning. This research paper proposes an integrated analytical framework for clinical sequence pattern recognition through intelligent dimension minimization and cognitive computing models.

The proposed framework synthesizes concepts derived from cognitive computing, affective computational modeling, adaptive neural reasoning, emotion-inspired decision architectures, feature optimization, and intelligent analytical systems. The study examines how dimension minimization mechanisms can improve clinical sequence interpretation by reducing redundant variables while preserving diagnostically relevant information. Simultaneously, cognitive computing models contribute adaptive reasoning, contextual interpretation, and dynamic decision-making capabilities that strengthen pattern recognition reliability.

The research integrates theoretical foundations associated with emotional cognition, appraisal theory, affective computing, computational adaptation, and intelligent human-centered reasoning systems. Particular emphasis is placed on adaptive computational intelligence frameworks developed for emotional reasoning and synthetic cognitive systems, including appraisal-based computational architectures, emotion-driven adaptive systems, and affective decision models.

The framework further incorporates optimized biomedical classification principles inspired by the work of D. Girish et al. (2025), which demonstrated that feature optimization combined with deep learning substantially improves biomedical classification performance in genomic medical data environments. This study extends such optimization principles toward temporal clinical sequence interpretation and cognitive healthcare analytics.

The proposed methodology consists of six analytical layers including sequence acquisition, intelligent preprocessing, adaptive dimension minimization, cognitive contextual modeling, predictive sequence interpretation, and dynamic clinical decision refinement. Analytical findings indicate that intelligent dimension reduction improves computational efficiency, predictive consistency, and adaptive reasoning performance. Cognitive computing mechanisms further improve temporal sequence interpretation by incorporating contextual and behavioral analytical reasoning.

The study contributes to intelligent healthcare research by establishing a unified framework integrating dimension minimization with cognitive computational learning for clinical sequence pattern recognition. The proposed architecture supports future developments in precision healthcare, intelligent diagnostics, adaptive clinical monitoring, and human-centered biomedical decision systems

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23
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 21 February 2026

Game Mechanics as A Tool for Forming Cognitive Models of User Decision-Making

Mikhail Petrov

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The article examines game mechanics as structural devices that shape cognitive models of decision-making rather than as entertainment-oriented rules. Relevance follows from the growing use of interactive systems where user choices emerge under uncertainty, time pressure, and reward contingencies, making the cognitive imprint of mechanics a design concern. Novelty consists in treating mechanics as cognitive interfaces that configure attention, inference, and action selection through repeated feedback cycles. The study aims to build an analytic account of how mechanic families (action-oriented and system-oriented) cultivate distinct decision strategies—reactive, planning-based, probabilistic, and systemic—through a stable core loop. The article applies analytical synthesis of recent research on game-based assessment, task-attention mechanisms, uncertainty management, and gamified system design. Results articulate a mechanics-to-model mapping that links feedback, constraints, and reward schedules to internal causal beliefs, risk heuristics, and transfer-ready strategies. The article targets researchers and designers working with gameful and decision-centric digital products.

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24
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 11 February 2026

Economic Benefits Of Applying Antifreeze Chemical Admixtures During Winter Concreting

Usmonova D.A.

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Winter concreting under negative temperatures is associated with significant technological and economic challenges, primarily due to the need to prevent early freezing and ensure the required strength development of concrete. Traditional methods, such as electrical heating, lead to increased energy consumption and labor costs. This study investigates the effectiveness and economic efficiency of using a complex anti-freezing chemical admixture “Beton-Strong 17” in monolithic concrete structures under cold weather conditions.

Experimental studies were carried out using Portland cement II/A 32.5N with the incorporation of the chemical admixture under negative temperature conditions. The performance of concrete produced with the admixture was compared with conventional electrically heated concrete in terms of strength development, material consumption, and total production cost. Real construction projects were used to validate the obtained results.

The results show that the use of the anti-freezing admixture allows a reduction in cement consumption by up to 30% while maintaining the required concrete strength class (B30). Economic analysis demonstrated that the total cost of 1 m³ of concrete was reduced by approximately 92,400 UZS compared to the electrical heating method.

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25
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 28 February 2026

The Synergy of Digital Twins, Blockchain, And Artificial Intelligence in Next-Generation Healthcare Iot: A Framework for Secure, Standardized, And Explainable Cyber-Physical Systems

Henrik Larson

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The integration of Digital Twin (DT) technology within the Internet of Things (IoT) healthcare ecosystem represents a paradigm shift toward personalized, predictive, and preventative medicine. This research provides a comprehensive investigation into the convergence of Digital Twins, Blockchain, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to address the critical challenges of data security, interoperability, and real-time monitoring. By synthesizing current literature on hybrid encryption methods, blockchain-enabled authentication, and explainable AI, this study delineates a robust framework for high-fidelity virtual representations in healthcare. We explore specific applications ranging from cervical cancer diagnosis via the CervixNet architecture to city-scale disaster management and smart city situation awareness. Central to our analysis is the role of blockchain in securing multimedia data processing and mitigating the risks associated with "evil digital twins." Furthermore, the research addresses the necessity of cross-domain standardization and secure edge intelligence in next-generation 5G/6G networks. By evaluating the mitigation of unpredictable emergent behaviors in complex systems, this article establishes a roadmap for the future of healthcare informatics, ensuring that the transition from digitization to informatization is both secure and explainable. The findings underscore that while digital twins offer unprecedented clinical insights, their deployment must be governed by integrated Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and transparent AI models to maintain patient trust and data integrity.

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26
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 01 February 2026

Machine Learning–Enhanced Life Cycle Assessment for Predictive Sustainability Optimization Across Industrial, Agricultural, and Built Environments

Hannah E. Porter

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The accelerating urgency of climate change, resource depletion, and ecological degradation has placed unprecedented pressure on industries, governments, and researchers to adopt more reliable, forward-looking, and operationally relevant sustainability assessment tools. Life cycle assessment (LCA), standardized through ISO 14044, has long served as the methodological backbone for evaluating environmental impacts across product and process life cycles, yet its traditional reliance on static inventories, linear modeling assumptions, and data-intensive workflows has increasingly limited its ability to address complex, rapidly evolving technological systems (ISO, 2006). In parallel, machine learning and artificial intelligence have emerged as transformative analytical paradigms capable of discovering nonlinear relationships, filling data gaps, forecasting future conditions, and optimizing multi-objective systems. The convergence of these two domains represents a fundamental methodological transition from retrospective and descriptive environmental accounting toward predictive, adaptive, and decision-oriented sustainability science.

This article develops a comprehensive theoretical and empirical synthesis of machine learning–integrated life cycle assessment based strictly on the scientific foundations provided by the referenced literature. Drawing on studies spanning construction materials, buildings, energy systems, agriculture, transportation, chemical processes, and emerging biotechnologies, the paper demonstrates how artificial intelligence is reshaping every phase of the LCA workflow, including inventory generation, impact factor estimation, uncertainty modeling, scenario forecasting, and optimization of sustainability trade-offs (Dabbaghi et al., 2021; Ghoroghi et al., 2022; Kock et al., 2023; Kleinekorte et al., 2023). Unlike conventional LCA approaches that depend on historical averages and fixed system boundaries, machine learning–enabled frameworks are shown to operate as dynamic, learning-based representations of socio-technical systems that evolve as new data, technologies, and climate conditions emerge.

The article further explains how predictive modeling, surrogate process modeling, deep neural networks, fuzzy systems, genetic algorithms, and reinforcement learning collectively allow LCA to move from ex-post environmental auditing to ex-ante sustainability design (Karka et al., 2022; Huntington et al., 2023; Kazemeini and Swei, 2023). Empirical evidence from sectors such as concrete production, bioenergy, crop cultivation, vehicle manufacturing, and carbon capture illustrates that AI-enhanced LCA can drastically improve both accuracy and decision relevance by capturing nonlinear process behavior, regional variability, and long-term uncertainty (Kaab et al., 2019; Lee et al., 2020; Javadi et al., 2021; Dong and Zhang, 2023). Importantly, the study also interrogates the epistemological and governance implications of embedding learning algorithms within environmental accounting systems, addressing issues of transparency, data bias, reproducibility, and policy legitimacy.

By synthesizing theoretical developments, methodological innovations, and sector-specific applications, this article establishes a unified conceptual framework for intelligent life cycle assessment. It argues that machine learning is not merely a computational enhancement but a paradigm shift that transforms sustainability assessment into a predictive, optimization-driven, and policy-relevant discipline capable of guiding the global transition toward low-carbon and resource-efficient societies.

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27
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 18 February 2026

Algorithm Of Generalization Based On The Minimum Quadrates Method

Shaxislam Batirovich Joldasov, Saida Safibullayevna Beknazarova

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The article proposes an algorithm based on the least squares method for solving problems of simplifying and generalizing many lines. The proposed approach, unlike classical polyline simplification algorithms, does not require the location of the generated nodes at the points of the initial polyline, which increases the generality of the algorithm and improves the accuracy of geometric approximation. It was shown that the algorithm can be used for flexible simplification of contours at different accuracy levels, reduction of noise effects, and optimization of the number of nodes. The research results confirm that the method can be effectively applied in the fields of cartography, computer graphics, and image vectorization.

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28
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 21 February 2026

A Zero-To-One Framework for Scalable AI Product Development: A Technical Product Management Methodology

Abhinav Kasliwal

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This article proposes a Zero-to-One methodological framework for the development of scalable artificial intelligence (AI) products, derived from the author’s leadership of enterprise-scale AI platforms. The framework is formulated as an engineering-oriented system model that links data pipelines, automation layers, and operational control loops across successive stages of AI product maturation. Unlike traditional AI development models that assume data completeness and architectural stability, the proposed Zero-to-One framework enables controlled evolution under conditions of partial data, streaming inputs, and operational uncertainty. The study demonstrates that AI product viability depends on the coordinated advancement of data quality, unified information layers, infrastructure readiness for real-time processing, and a culture of continuous piloting. The framework contributes an engineering-oriented methodological model that supports system-level reasoning about scalability, resilience, and operational control in AI-driven platforms.

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29
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 28 February 2026

Factors for Increasing the Regeneration Efficiency of Cotton Regenerators and Their Analysis

Djamolov R.K., Karimov T.K.

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This article analyzes the operational efficiency of 1RX, RX, RX-1, and 2RX-M cotton regenerators, widely used in cotton ginning enterprises, in relation to waste composition. Based on experimental results, it is substantiated that an above-normal content of cotton pieces in the waste separated from the UXK cleaning system reduces the regeneration efficiency of existing regenerators. Based on this analysis, proposals have been developed to increase regeneration efficiency by improving the quality of waste loosening and the separation of cotton pieces during the regeneration process.

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30
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 07 February 2026

Impact of Wireless Network Electromagnetic Fields on Navigation Abilities and Homing of Honey Bees

Aleksei Seto

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The article examines the influence of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) produced by wireless infrastructure on the navigation abilities and homing success of the Western honey bee Apis mellifera. The relevance of this work is determined by the fact that pollination is an economically and ecosystemically significant service, while the density of RF-EMF sources in landscapes is rapidly increasing and transforming previously local impacts into a quasi-permanent background. This review aims to integrate data on bee orientation mechanisms, exposure metrics, and regimes (ranging from electric field strength and power density to SAR/surface-averaged absorbed power density), as well as behavioral protocols that enable the detection of hive-return disruptions under realistic conditions. Scientific novelty lies in a cognitive-ecological interpretation of navigation as a multichannel ensemble (solar compass with circadian compensation, polarization cues, landscape memory, and potential magnetic sensitivity), within which RF-EMF are considered not as an off-switch for orientation but as a factor that shifts channel weights and increases the probability of errors. Additionally, the necessity of linking field dosimetry with the modeling of energy absorption by the bee body is emphasized, because the frequency structure of the environment can alter absorbed power disproportionately to the mean background. The main conclusions can be summarized as a fundamental distinction between short-term and chronic exposure: in a particular field test at frequencies typical of Wi-Fi, a reduction in the return proportion was observed under prolonged exposure, whereas short irradiation before release did not demonstrate a comparable effect. Practically, this supports a precautionary approach (reasonable hive placement and minimization of unnecessary transmitters near colonies) alongside standardized recording of context and behavioral indicators. The article will be helpful for researchers of insect behavior, specialists in radiobiology/ecotoxicology, as well as practitioners of beekeeping and agroecology who assess the risks associated with the anthropogenic background.

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31
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 27 February 2026

Architectural Patterns for High-Load Distributed Systems with AI-Driven Optimization in Production Environments

Matvii Horskyi

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This article presents a systematic analysis of architectural patterns for integrating AI-driven optimization into high-load distributed systems operating in production environments. Such systems, built on cloud-native, containerized, and edge platforms, are characterized by dynamic workloads, strict service-level requirements, and high sensitivity to control errors, which limit the effectiveness of reactive and rule-based orchestration mechanisms. The study is conducted as a review-and-analytical synthesis of peer-reviewed publications, focusing on architectural placement of intelligent components, types of control loops, and operational constraints, without quantitative aggregation of results due to heterogeneity of experimental settings and metrics. Particular attention is paid to production-oriented optimization patterns that preserve standard orchestration mechanisms while constraining or parameterizing their decision space, as well as to approaches that introduce intelligence into scheduling and workflow-level coordination. The analysis highlights the trade-offs between measurable performance and cost gains, increased architectural complexity, control-loop stability, and requirements for data quality and interpretability. It is shown that isolated use of AI techniques for scaling or scheduling does not yield sustainable benefits in industrial settings, whereas the most robust effects are achieved when intelligent mechanisms are embedded into managed control loops and operate as adaptive but bounded elements of system governance. The study establishes that the effectiveness of AI-driven optimization is determined not by model sophistication, but by the architectural consistency of intelligent components with the control plane, their ability to respect service constraints, and their impact on system stability. The article is intended for researchers and practitioners in distributed systems, cloud and edge computing, and infrastructure architecture concerned with deploying AI-based optimization under production constraints.

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32
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 28 February 2026

Non-Sequential Formatting of Three-Dimensional Optical Carriers and Its Engineering Significance

Kirill Maksimovich Lanskoy

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Three-dimensional optical information carriers have long been constrained in production throughput by sequential formatting methods, in which servo and positioning marks must be inscribed along continuous spiral tracks one mark at a time. This paper examines the structural bottleneck imposed by sequential recording order, surveys the principal approaches proposed in the volumetric storage literature for addressing it, and evaluates a non-sequential interleaved formatting architecture as an engineering solution to reduce formatting time without sacrificing the geometric precision required for reliable track-following and data retrieval. The architecture organizes formatting marks on nodes of a three-dimensional lattice formed by the intersection of equidistantly spaced cylindrical spiral tracks, equiangular radial planes, and virtual recording layers, and employs interleaved axial and radial recording modes to distribute marks across this lattice in a non-sequential order that substantially reduces mechanical path length. The number of required recording head rotations per formatted layer is reduced from approximately 37,000 to approximately 600, a factor exceeding 60. Engineering implications for multilayer carrier production, sub-volume accuracy control, and concurrent formatting of multiple carriers are assessed against limitations documented in the volumetric optical storage literature.

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33
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 09 February 2026

Agent-to-Agent Collaboration Models for Complex Business Workflows Coordination Strategies, Task Decomposition, and Conflict Resolution

Sandeep Nutakki

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As autonomous AI agents become more capable, complex enterprise tasks increasingly require coordination among multiple specialized agents rather than reliance on a single generalist. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for multi-agent collaboration in business workflows, addressing three fundamental challenges: coordination architecture design, task decomposition strategies, and conflict resolution mechanisms. We introduce and evaluate four collaboration patterns—hierarchical delegation, peer-to-peer negotiation, blackboard-based coordination, and market-based allocation—across diverse enterprise scenarios including document analysis, research synthesis, and process automation. Our experiments demonstrate that multi-agent collaboration achieves 34% higher task completion rates compared to single-agent baselines on complex tasks, while introducing a coordination overhead of 12-18% of total execution time. We identify optimal collaboration patterns for different task characteristics and provide guidelines for practitioners designing multi-agent enterprise systems. 

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34
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 10 February 2026

Architecting Scalable Front-End Systems for High-Traffic Digital Grocery Platforms

Mounica Singireddy, Vivek Jain

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High-traffic digital grocery platforms operate under unique technical constraints: extreme traffic spikes during promotions and holidays, highly dynamic product catalogs, real-time pricing and inventory updates, and stringent performance expectations from users who often abandon carts within seconds of perceived latency. Front-end systems sit at the center of this experience, translating complex backend ecosystems into fast, reliable, and intuitive user journeys. This paper presents a comprehensive architectural framework for building scalable, resilient, and business-aligned front-end systems for large-scale digital grocery platforms. Drawing from modern frontend paradigms—headless commerce, micro frontends, component-driven development, performance engineering, and cloud-native delivery—the paper synthesizes academic research and industry practices into a unified reference architecture. Multiple case studies illustrate real-world applications, trade-offs, and measurable outcomes. The paper concludes with future directions, including AI-assisted personalization, edge intelligence, and experience-driven architecture governance. 

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35
Engineering and Technology · OPEN ACCESS 11 February 2026

An Adaptive Immersive AI Framework for Clinical Training and Performance Evaluation Using Graph-Augmented Large Language Models

Sriharsha Makineni

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Healthcare education faces critical challenges including expanding medical knowledge, evolving clinical guidelines, and limited supervised clinical experience. While artificial intelligence (AI) and immersive technologies offer promising solutions, current systems operate in isolation rather than synergistically. This paper presents a systematic review of 165 AI-enabled clinical training systems (2022-2025), examining five technological dimensions: LLM-based virtual patients, VR/AR platforms, graph-augmented AI, adaptive learning, and performance evaluation. Analysis reveals significant fragmentation—67% of systems employ single approaches, only 7% integrate three or more technologies. Critical gaps include: factual hallucinations in LLMs (12-15% error rates), limited adaptability in VR/AR scenarios, single-dimension personalization, and domain-specific assessments. We propose an integrated architectural framework combining graph-augmented LLMs with immersive interfaces, multi-dimensional adaptive learning, and comprehensive performance evaluation. Graph augmentation demonstrates 73% reduction in factual errors; VR/AR systems show 25-40% skill retention improvements. The modular framework addresses identified gaps through bidirectional data flows and evidence-based component integration, providing a research-informed blueprint for next-generation clinical training systems. 

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