Volume 4.
Issue 05.

This article reports the discoveries of a review intended to investigate the perspectives of guardians of "typical" creating youngsters toward the incorporation of kids with incapacities into standard training in Macedonia. In particular, the review was intended to investigate the likenesses and contrasts in the perspectives of two gatherings of guardians: a gathering of guardians of preschool kids and a gathering of guardians of young youngsters. By and large, a considerable lot of the guardians acknowledge comprehensive instruction, however the majority of them actually think the extraordinary school is better spot for training of youngsters with incapacity.

Healthcare and pharmaceutical supply chains are vulnerable to inefficiencies, stockouts, and counterfeit drug circulation, affecting patient safety and health outcomes globally. Integrating geospatial analytics (GIS) with business intelligence (BI) provides a pathway for real-time monitoring and data-driven decision-making. This study developed a cross-continental GIS-BI framework combining data acquisition, spatial clustering, predictive demand modeling, and interactive BI dashboards. Data sources included Nigerian regulatory compliance records, distribution logs, and U.S. hospital workflow data. Predictive models forecasted demand patterns, while route optimization algorithms minimized delivery times. Stakeholder workshops were used to validate usability and operational relevance. Implementation of the framework reduced delivery lead times by 18–22%, decreased stockouts by up to 30%, and improved compliance inspection coverage by 18%. Dashboards provided real-time visualization of inventory levels and geospatial risk hotspots, improving cross-departmental coordination. Predictive alerts anticipated over 80% of stockout events, enabling proactive replenishment and reducing patient service disruptions. The study demonstrates that GIS-BI integration strengthens supply chain resilience and regulatory oversight in both low-resource and highly digitized health systems. This scalable framework supports equitable access to medicines, cost efficiency, and improved global health security.

Evolvulus alsinoides, commonly known as dwarf morning-glory and slender dwarf morning- glory, is flowering plant from the family Convolvulaceae. Traditionally this plant is used as blood purifier, brain tonic, an antimicrobial agent and for memory loss. This work is done for determining whether the cream prepared by the aqueous extract of Evolvulus alsinoides has antimicrobial activity. The dried plant leaves are extracted using water as the solvent. The extractive value is calculated and was found to be 12.5%w⁄w. The phytochemical screening of the extract was performed and it contains slight amount of glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids and tannins. Then using that aqueous extract, a cream was formulated and its evaluation was carried out. From the evaluation the cream was found to be light brown in color with a characteristic odour and have smooth texture. pH and viscosity of the cream are 5.58 and 13254mpas respectively. Cream was homogeneous by its visual appearance with a smooth and good consistency. On application, the cream was non-slippery, smooth and easily removable, also does not show any irritation on skin. After that the antimicrobial activity of the cream was tested using agar well diffusion method. Gentamicin was used as the standard reference drug. The antimicrobial sensitivity was determined using zone of inhibition. In our study, the cream containing aqueous extract displayed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The cream was found to be more active against gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The identified phytochemical compounds viz., glycosides, tannins and alkaloids may be responsible for the antimicrobial activity of Evolvulus alsinoides.

The drainage pattern phenomenon in the sandy area is rare in the world and has very high yields with excellent quality groundwater. It was recorded and tested in the Qattara Delta to the west of the River Nile. The study is based on data sets of remote sensing, groundwater wells, chemical analyses, pumping tests, stable isotope, and field measurements. The drainage is trillic to dendritic, structurally controlled by NW, NE, and E-W fault systems, and has reduced flooding ability and a good chance for groundwater recharge. There are two main aquifers, Samalut karst and Nubian clastic. Samault is confined to semi-confined, and has huge thickness reaching 395 m and groundwater flow from SSE to NNW. The structural elements and multiple sources of recharge much effect on the distribution of the salinity of groundwater which is less than 1000 in the south and increases northward to 2727 ppm owing to the decline the rate of recharge from the River Nile, and dominant upward leakage from deep Nubian. The maximum drawdown exceeded 6 meters, transmissivity ranges from 6,200 to 45,900 m2/day, the storativity values vary from 8.2x10-6 to 8.6x10-4, and the overall static water level will decline ~15 meters over the first 10 years and then an additional 3 meters through a total of 50 years of continuous pumping. Samalut is less depleted in the south owing to the imparting of the River Nile changed to moderately deplete in the center and depleted in the north part that means that upward leakage from paleo-water of deep Nubian aquifer. A Nubian confined aquifer is tapped by one flowing well with salinity 1614 ppm, and the transmissivity is 720 m2/day. We can conclude that the productivity and hydrogeochemical properties of the aquifer of drainage pattern in the sandy area are highly potential and low salinity. This concept can be replicable in similar terrain elsewhere.

Exploration of groundwater with good quality and quantity, the governorate must identify drainage patterns in this area for selection the site of drainage lines to drilling highly potential wells.