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Engineering and Technology OPEN ACCESS

Construction Technology and Digital Quality Control for A Low-Rise Building with A Pultruded Composite Frame And 3d-Printed Walls BIM-Oriented Production Workflow, 4D Planning, Process Monitoring, And A Digital Building Passport

Dilshod Bakhodirovich Akbarov
Tashgiprogor LLC, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Chief Project Engineer; M.Sc. in Production of Building Materials, Products and Structures, Uzbekistan
Khusnitdin Akhrarovich Akramov
Department of Technology of Building Materials and Structures, Tashkent University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Uzbekistan
DOI Crossref DOI 10.37547/tajet/Volume08Issue10-04
tajet 2026
VOL. 8 / NO. 10 OCTOBER
FULL TEXT PP. 56-88
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VOLUME 8
ISSUE 10
YEAR 2026
PAGES 56-88
RESEARCH OVERVIEW

Abstract

This study investigates the construction technology for a two-story low-rise building in which the load-bearing system is assembled from factory-fabricated pultruded glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) profiles, while the external enclosures comprise three-layer 3D-printed walls with a polystyrene-concrete core. The production task extends well beyond conventional wall printing: the digital model, fabrication and marking of GFRP components, surveying, installation of deformation-decoupled connections, generation of machine toolpaths, material delivery, installation of embedded components, core filling, geometric quality control, and transfer of as-built data into the digital building passport must all be coordinated.

A BIM-oriented methodology is developed around a continuous digital thread: “requirement—model object—technological operation—inspection record—acceptance decision.” The information environment is organized in accordance with the ISO 19650 series; open exchange is described through IFC under ISO 16739-1:2024; the level of information need is defined under ISO 7817-1:2024; and construction-object data are structured with reference to ISO 23386 and ISO 23387:2025. Qualification of the additive process follows the logic of ISO/ASTM 52939:2023. A persistent identifier is proposed for each element, linking its geometry, material, batch, toolpath, printing parameters, photographs, point cloud, test results, and as-built revision.

For the demonstration building measuring 10.8 × 7.2 m, with two stories and 20% openings, the net printed-enclosure area is 172.8 m². The calculated volume of print mortar, including local cross-ties, is 11.61 m³, and the volume of the polystyrene-concrete core is 31.59 m³. At a layer height of 20 mm, bead width of 45 mm, nozzle speed of 120 mm/s, and overall equipment effectiveness OEE = 0.742, the effective production rate is 0.289 m³/h and the printing duration is approximately 40.2 h. An 18-day demonstration 4D schedule is proposed for the superstructure, including frame assembly, printing of both stories, inspection hold points, core filling, roof installation, and compilation of the digital passport.

The scientific novelty lies in integrating BIM information management, DfMA preparation of the composite frame, process calculation for 3D printing, statistical process control, point-cloud-based geometric verification, and a system of release quality gates. It is shown that testing specimen strength alone is insufficient: wall reproducibility depends on the combined control of flow rate, speed, bead geometry, interlayer interval, green strength, embedded-component position, and preservation of free travel in the movement-accommodating connections. A verification program is established from material qualification and trial printing through a pilot module and the as-built building model.

RESEARCH TOPICS

Keywords

Construction 3D printing pultruded glass-fiber-reinforced polymer common data environment

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