The Role And Demographic Situation Of The Southern Regions In The Economy Of Uzbekistan In 1970-1990

This article is an interdisciplinary study that analyzes the historical demographic processes in Uzbekistan and its southern regions. Based on the archival documents first introduced into scientific circulation, the statistics reveal the problems of the demographic situation of the population as a result of the neglect of local conditions and peculiarities in Soviet policy, as well as the peculiarities of the migration process.


INTRODUCTION
One of the most important tasks facing the people of Uzbekistan in  was the development of industry and agriculture. The machine-building industry of Uzbekistan was transferred to the production of machinery and equipment for agriculture and irrigation. During these years, the task was to provide the population with food, gross industrial output, fuel, electricity, training of qualified specialists, to provide them with services in the national economy, but in this case, the geographical location and national traditions of Uzbekistan were taken into account. The program on the socio-economic life of Uzbekistan was developed by the center. Restoration and further development of cotton growing, which is the leading branch of agriculture in the country, has become the most important task for the future of the Uzbek economy, and the national economy of Uzbekistan has been united around the Cotton Industry Complex. Due to the growing attention to cotton, the number of ginneries in Surkhandarya region has increased year by year.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In 1947, the construction of the Shurchi ginnery began, which cost $ 5 million. The capital was allocated in the amount of UZS and the construction was completed in 1961. By the 1970s, 10 ginneries had been established in the province. In general, in 1946-60, many new ginneries were built in Surkhandarya, and enterprises were equipped with new machinery and technology. In Surkhandarya region, the increase in the number of ginneries had its own characteristics, and cotton growing was one of the main industries in the region. During these years, in order to develop cotton growing and agriculture in the region, the development of new lands was carried out. At the national level, agricultural production increased by OCLC -1121105668 600 urban and rural women have been provided with jobs and a source of income.In 1976-1980, local industrial enterprises and workshops for the production of woolen clothes and socks were built in the city, the existing old enterprises were reconstructed and equipped with new equipment and modern technologies. New equipment will be installed in agricultural machinery repair, ginning, canning and sewing factories.
As a result, the working conditions of workers have improved, first and foremost, employment.
Opportunities for labor productivity have expanded, and the quality of products has improved.However, due to the irresponsibility of the administration of some enterprises in Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya regions, labor productivity and product quality have declined in some years. Similar shortcomings have had a negative impact on the steady growth of urban enterprises. For example, in 1975-79, the Surkhandarya tea factory and brick factory lost 195 hours of work due to poor safety. In 1984-85, 124 hours of working time were lost due to obsolete equipment and non-installation of new sewing tools. It was customary in these factories not to install new looms under various pretexts. However, it should be noted that industrial enterprises, on the one hand, contributed to the development of the regional economy, on the other hand, had a negative impact on environmental degradation. This situation has had a negative impact on the health of the population living around a number of industrial enterprises in Surkhandarya. Between 1980 and 1989, the number of various diseases increased 4.8 times, the incidence of pediatric diseases 2.8 times, the incidence of adult diseases 2.2 times, the incidence of dental caries in children 2 times, and the incidence of mild fegorosis 8.8 times. During these years, the number of congenital diseases has also increased. In 1984, 700 children were born, 72 of whom suffered from congenital diseases.
In 1988, 800 children were born, 50 of whom were born with congenital diseases, and 80 were stillborn. Environmental degradation has also had a negative impact on silk production in the region. The main reason for this was the extremely simple coal mining and the launch of an aluminum plant in neighboring Tajikistan. Unfortunately, in Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya regions, as in other places in the 70s and 80s, no measures were taken to protect the population from natural disasters. It should be noted that the Soviet government did not have a single organization or group that dealt with environmental issues. In the Soviet Union, it was customary to assume that everything was in order. In turn, the idea that all industrial enterprises built during this period, as well as enterprises in Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya regions, fully meet the production technology, is widely used, and the commissioned industrial buildings are considered to be environmentally friendly.
In fact, vacuum cleaners, air purifiers, and waste disposal devices installed in factories were considered to be safe, whether they were working temporarily or not at all. By the end of the 1980s, Uzbekistan's industrial relations on the scale of the former Soviet Union lagged behind the level of growth of the productive forces. The gradual increase in unresolved conflicts has hampered the effective use of the economic process. This discrepancy was not addressed in a timely manner, and subsequent follow-up measures were ineffective. The economic crisis has intensified. During these years, the organization of social property, The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations (ISSN -2689-100x) Published: May 31, 2021 | Pages: 261-265 Doi : https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume03Issue05-48 IMPACT FACTOR 2021: 5. 857 OCLC -1121105668 economic relations, labor and wages, the mobility and variability of economic forms of economic accounting, prices, financial and credit instruments were not taken into account. As a result, it was not immediately clear that such specific forms of production relations have become obsolete and have become an obstacle to the development of production.
The Uzbek economy, which was subject to such a system of governance in the former USSR, was not designed to take into account the fundamental interests of the local population. In general, although the policy pursued by this system served to increase the economic potential of the republic, the center would have benefited more from it than from Uzbekistan. The state of the national economy of Uzbekistan on the eve of the collapse of the former Soviet Union can be exemplified by the southern regions of the republic -Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya. In 1988, there were 1,623 industrial enterprises in the Republic of Uzbekistan, of which more than 92 were located in Surkhandarya and more than 100 in Kashkadarya.
In 1987, 30 industrial enterprises in southern Uzbekistan failed to meet productivity growth targets. In 1988, the volume of gross industrial output decreased even more than in 1987.In short, during the 74 years of Soviet policy, Uzbekistan became the main producer of raw materials in the country as a whole. The peaceful relocation of the economy after the Second World War, with the intervention of the center and the relocation of the productive forces without taking into account the economic and geographical potential of Uzbekistan, has expanded the cotton industry.

CONCLUSION
Many branches of the national economy of the republic were directly connected with the production or processing of cotton. As a result of the Soviet government's targeted migration policy, the indigenous population became predominantly rural. The scarcity of rural enterprises has led to a large proportion of the population engaged in productive labor being in rural areas. At the same time, the situation was serious in the southern regions of Uzbekistan, which play an important role in the national economy and agriculture. In Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya oblasts, the development of new lands and the establishment of housing did not have a positive effect on the reduction of the number of unemployed or the solution of demographic problems in general.