Russian Historians' Review Of Diplomatic Relations Between The Emirates Of Bukhara And The Russian Empire In Colonial Studies

The first research on the history of diplomatic relations between the Emirate of Bukhara and the Russian Empire began in the XIX century. It is expedient to study how the diplomatic relations between the two countries were studied by Russian historians in the XIX and early XX centuries through historical research. This article discusses the general features of research in this period and the issues that are in their focus.


INTRODUCTION
The study of the history of diplomatic relations between the Emirate of Bukhara and the Russian Empire began in the XIX century by historians and orientalists of the Russian Empire. Although the first works of this period do not fully meet the scientific requirements, it The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations (ISSN -2689-100x) Published: May 22, 2021 | Pages: 120-127 Doi : https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume03Issue05-22 IMPACT FACTOR 2021: 5. 857 OCLC -1121105668 is expedient to accept them as research, as they were written by persons not directly involved in diplomatic relations and were published in scientific journals of their time. Among such researches was Yakovlev's collection "Mulla Irnazar Maksyutov, the Messenger of Bukhara" [1] and P. Yakovlev's such publications as "Russian Corporal Tupchiboshi u bukharskogo khana" [2] in the collection "Siberian Herald" of 1824 can be included. During this period a number of works were carried out by orientalists, in particular, it is expedient to study the researches of orientalists A. Semyonov Zhukovsky [8]. He has also published a number of scientific and scholarly popular articles. In particular, Yakovlev [9], Budrin [10], N.G. Zalesov [11], P.P. Shubinskiy [12], N. Researchers such as Ostroumov [13] have conducted research on a particular embassy.
Orientalists A. Semyonov and V.V. Grigoriev addressed this issue in general in the study of economic and political relations. The impact of diplomatic relations on trade and economic issues between the two countries was discussed.
In the analysis of the details of diplomatic relations in this period and the approaches to the facts related to it, it is expedient to pay attention to three main aspects: N. Ostroumov's article on this subject also contains some confusing facts and comments. The author briefly dwells on embassies in his article, but the details and information given about some embassies are far from the truth. Also, the exchange of embassies was not consistent and the facts about the results of the embassies were not focused on the study of historical processes. Therefore, it should be noted that the scientific significance of this article is not high.
S.V. Zhukovsky's work covers a little more embassies. The causes and consequences of the many embassies exchanged in the relationship are summarized. However, due to the lack of scientific analysis and the fact that the purpose of embassy relations is described in a very short way, this research can be considered as a "brief reference". About this work V.V. Barthold's views are noteworthy. In particular, V.V. Barthold noted that "the study did not use archives and other open documents and did not refer to other sources, but was compilation in nature. Nevertheless, The peculiarity of F.I. Lobysevich and M.A.Terentev's work is that these works are approached from the point of view of studying the history of the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia. Perhaps that is why the government's intentions in sending ambassadors from Russia to Central Asia were not covered, and the embassies sent from Central Asia were not studied. This situation prevents this work from being included in the list of excellent works in the study of diplomatic relations between the Emirate of Bukhara and the Russian Empire. At the same time, it should be noted that research shows that Russia has long planned to invade the Central Asian states, and this is exactly the goal of diplomatic relations.
In this regard, it is worth noting that the views on the activities of the embassy of Ernazar Maqsud oglu, which is the first of the diplomatic relations between the two countries, differ from the above. Studies of the Russian Empire have shown that the reason for sending an ambassador from Bukhara to Russia after a long break was primarily the initiative of the Emirate of Bukhara to restore or establish relations between the two countries, mainly in the interests of Bukhara. In particular, the first study of the embassy, published by Yakovlev in 1824 in the collection "Siberian Herald" under the title "Mulla Irnazar Maksyutov, the messenger of Bukhara", Asking the Russian government to compensate for the damage of Bukhara caravan caused by kyrgyzes and Pugachev looting, he said that he had been sent from Bukhara to Russia as an ambassador in order to secure the trade route that was convenient for the people of Bukhara [27].
In particular, the following approach is taken to ensure the security of trade routes -the safe passage of Orenburg and the Russian state in general through the Kyrgyz desert, not through Mangistau and rejected it because it aroused relatively unfounded suspicions among the people of Bukhara and it would be always in the danger of kyrgyzes [28].
At this point, when comparing the construction of the fort with the research of the next period, there is a discrepancy in the data. In particular, researcher Kh. Gulomov in his monograph quoted archival sources as saying, "According to the ambassador, it is expedient to build a Russian fort on the banks of the Emba River, where trade caravans can find shelter if necessary" [29].
The reason for the second embassy was to recoup the damage caused by the looting of Bukhara merchants and to allow the Bukhara people to pass through Russia to Constantinople (Istanbul -S.H.) and from there to Mecca [30].
Research on the period of the Russian Empire covers the reasons for sending the embassy of Ernazar Maqsud oglu mainly on the basis of the interests of the Emirate of Bukhara. In establishing diplomatic relations, the main focus is on the robbery of traders, the reasons for ensuring the security of trade routes. The The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations (ISSN -2689-100x) Based on the above data, we can see that the relations between the two countries have gained not only trade and economic issues, but also political significance.
In conclusion, the study of diplomatic relations between the Russian Empire and the Emirate of Bukhara shows that the period of the empire had its own views, in particular, the initial period of relations and the initiative in the first embassy was assessed by the Emirate of Bukhara. Diplomatic relations since the beginning of the 19th century show that the aspirations of the Russian Empire have intensified. Articles from this period are devoted to the details of certain embassies. In particular, within the framework of diplomatic relations between the Emirate of Bukhara and the Russian Empire, Ernazarbiy, A.F. Negri, K. Butenev, N. Embassies like Ignatev are more studied.
Research conducted during the Russian Empire cites the reasons for the establishment of diplomatic relations as the two countries' interest in cooperation and the development of trade relations, the release of Russian prisoners of war in the Russian Empire. At the same time, the research tends to portray the