Issue Of External Sema In Uzbek Language

This article is devoted to analyzing the issue of external sema in Uzbek language. Relative sema is a component that adds an additional semantic subtlety to a seme containing a core sema, making the word it possesses grammatically related to the second word. and relative


INTRODUCTION
"The sum of the semantics makes up the semantic content of the semantics [1]". Semema itself is the communicative content aspect of the word, which is the basic unit of language richness. That is why the Glossary of Linguistic Terms briefly explains that "semema is the meaning of a word". The word is, of course, grammatically formed in the process of communication, that is, in the structure of speech, or more precisely, in the structure of speech. It is observed that a grammatically formed word semantics is composed of different semantics. It consists of a group of semantics, core semantics, and relative semantics that make up the semantics of the word [3].

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The core in a word semantics is the message that is conveyed to the listener of the part of speech that is expressed in some word in the sentence. Relative sema is a component that adds an additional semantic subtlety to a seme containing a core sema, making the word it possesses grammatically related to the second word. For example, the word "uyga" in the "uyga ketdi" combination is a placeholder formed by a direction agreement. The "uy" core of this word is the core semaphore of the word semantics, which should inform the addressee about the meaning of 'shelter construction site'. The grammatical form of the word "-ga" is a component of the semantics of the word, a relative semantics, which means the place of the potential semantics in the nucleus and is controlled by the participle.
The relative semantics of a word semantics is expressed in the form of that word and provides a connection with the dominant word. The auxiliary word used with the subordinate clause of the compound performs the same function. For example, if, as in the example above, the compound that "uyga ketdi" is reshaped as "uy tomon ketdi", the said idea will be understandable. In this compound, too, the place of the word "uy[home]", which is considered to be empty, is governed by the participle of the verb "ketdi[gone]", and for this the "tomon[side]" auxiliary acted as a word form. Not only is it a form of speech, but it is distinctive in that it serves as a cut-and-paste. He caused the formation of a cluster from the place semantics in both words. Since the "tomon[side]" helper serves as the word form of the "uy[house]" word, morphologically its follow-up morpheme is one of the components of this word sememe -sema. Clearly, it is the semantics of that word semantics expressed in the auxiliary word.
Given that the semantics of a semantic word is not in the form of a word, but in the morphologically, the following morpheme of the word, which is a subordinate component of the compound, is expressed in the auxiliary word, the Russian linguist and later the Uzbek linguist called it "external sema" [1]. In doing so, they demonstrated the semantic basis of the relationship of that word to other words in communication, a component of which is called the semantics of the word semantics. In fact, it is. When a word with any semantic content is included in the speech content, it enters into a grammatical relationship with one or more words in that speech content. This ensures the integrity of the speech. The grammatical connection of words in mutual speech is also reflected in the semantic connection between them. One manifestation of this semantic connection occurs through external semaphore. It is manifested in the classem formed between the semantics of the parts of speech. This is illustrated in the example analyzed above.
Hence, a word is in grammatical connection with one or more words in communication. This connection is made up of a word form or an auxiliary word. The word form or auxiliary word that makes this connection is morphologically a follow-up morpheme of the root morpheme recorded in that word. Semantically, they are reflected in the relative sema or external sema of the word.
The Uzbek linguist does not recognize that there is an external sema in the semantics of a word. He says, "Since the sema is an integral part of the semema, there can be no sema outside the sema -the external sema [1]". Sema is part of semema. Therefore, the outer sema is also one of the sema. It is also a sema that is part of a sema. At this point it is necessary to look at the idea of the size of the semen. In linguistics, semema is considered to belong to the word. The author says, "Semema is an integral part of a lexeme, sema semema ...". Of course, a lexeme semema contains only nuclear semantics. His lost side is in the same place. The scholar understood semema to belong only to the lexeme. In linguistics, the analysis of lexical meanings on the basis of components belongs to those who work with the differential method, who considered semantics as a unit of content of the word in the communicative process [2]. This view also allows us to show their syntagmatic relationship with other words. This is because the word is studied in the communicative state of the language unit and the grammatical forms are taken into account. Their grammatical forms are the units that indicate the connection of these words with other words, i.e., the following morphemes. These morphemes are a morphological component of words. From a semantic point of view, these following morphemes are relative semantics.
At this point we have to remember the example of the above quote "uyga ketdi[went house]" for the relational semantic compound. It is understood that the governing part of the governing compound in the governing compound is directed to the "place" semaphore with the "directional motion" semaphore. The relational semantics of the word house, which is a subordinate clause, expressed in the form -ga, represented the potential semantics of the word house, as well as the common semantics that connect these semantics. This follow-up morpheme is a semantic analysis that shows the syntactic relationship of the components of a control compound as a relational sema. But it should also be noted that if semema is viewed within a lexeme, relativistic sema is not part of semema. Because a lexeme is never morphologically formed by a word-changing suffix, i.e., a follow-up morpheme. In linguistics, or more precisely, the study of semantics in terms of words, that is, the approach to it by the differential-semantic method, frees the analysis by means of the analysis of semantics within the lexeme.
Hence, when the semantic structure is analyzed, the amount and types of semantics are determined by looking at it not as a lexeme component, but as the semantic structure of the word in the communicative process. Then there will be an opportunity for semantic analysis of the grammatical relationship of the word.
The two-word communication that is part of speech is not only reflected in the relational semantics expressed in the following morpheme, which is a word form. It also performs a communicative function in the semantics expressed in auxiliary words. For this, too, the analysis was shown, giving the above example. That is, an analysis was made of how the word "uy tomon ketdi[went home]" was administered through the auxiliary word, citing the compound "uy tomon ketdi[went home]". The auxiliary word side in this case served as a conjugation of the direction "-ga[to]", that is, the following morpheme. On the other hand, the auxiliary word is the following morpheme, "a morpheme is a linguistic unit that has its own expression and meaning, and serves to form words and form words [1]". The author also sees some auxiliaries as a series of morphemes that form a word form [2]. In doing so, he took a positive step in defining the boundaries of morphemes. Logically, the auxiliaries, connectors, and prepositions taken as auxiliary words are all important for the interconnection of the two words in the function of the part of speech -communication. They do not function as part of speech like independent words, they only serve to provide a connection of words that act as part of speech. They also do not have a word accent, focusing on the pronunciation of the lexical accent of the words to which it is attached, such as affixes that make up the word form [1]. According to these properties, they are also studied in a series of following morphemes. Usually, a morpheme is understood as the morphologically smallest part of a word in a communicative state, a unit. The smallest unit of this morphology is almost equal to the component of the word semantics. Because semema is a reflection of a concept in words. The concept will be reflected in the mind on the basis of the essential features of the referent. These important features of the concept are reflected in the components of sememasemas. That is, in the semantic analysis of a word, the component of semema is considered to be sema. This is because the symbols of a concept expressed in a semantics are found in almost every morpheme of a word. Therefore, in the Russian encyclopedia, "Sema is a unit that expresses the smallest part of a language's semantic expression (the smallest indivisible part of lexical or grammatical meaning) associated with a morpheme (the smallest unit of meaning in terms of expression) and reflects its semantic component [1]".
Apparently, it would not be a mistake to say that sema finds expression in a morpheme that comes as a word form. It is almost a relative sema. While auxiliary words are considered to be morphemes, sema is also found in them. But this sema is not called relativistic, it is called external sema [1]. The term was first used by a French, then by a Russian and Uzbek linguist. It was called the external sema because it was expressed not in the following morpheme as a word form, but in the following morpheme as an auxiliary word. That is, the external sema is not outside the word sema. If this term and the concept it meant in semiotics were abandoned, it would not be possible to explain the place and function of auxiliary words in speech.
Hence, while one of the auxiliary words in the sentence, in the communicative process, is a means of connecting with the second word, it is a follow-up morpheme belonging to the word to which it is connected. That is, this word is the external semaphore of the semantics. L.A. Kiseleva characterizes the outer semaphore, she says, "... the meaning of a word does not change its integrity, it fills it with some subtlety of meaning [1]". Indeed it is. To do this, we have to pay attention to the above example again. That is, in the combination of "uy tomon ketdi[went home]", the semantics of the word "uy[house]" had to be represented by the potential semantics "place". It was the same. However, at this point, it is expanded within the subtlety of the meaning of "around this place" by means of an external sema expressed in the side assistant. It served as a grammatical function as the encyclopedia of the word to which it was added, and manifested itself as a sema that mediated the control of that word by the dominant word. The word manifested in Enkliz follows the word used itself. In Uzbek, auxiliaries and prepositions are used as enclosures to express external semantics.
The external sema also finds expression in the binders. However, they come in a proclitic state. They are given in front of the word to which it is connected, and do not change the semantic integrity of the word, but represent the external semaphore that ensures its connection with the second word. It should also be noted that the external sema expressed in proclitics only ensures the connection of words, it does not add any element of meaning to the seme of the word to which it is added. For example, you can also pay attention to phrases "ko'rdi va oldi[saw It was said that the load and the auxiliaries came as an encyclopedia of the word it added, and although they did not change its meaning, they were bound to the dominant word as a sema that added a subtle expression to the sememe. This varies depending on whether it is the subtle meaning, load, and auxiliary that the external sema expresses, as well as the genesis of the semantics of the word from which it is derived, depending on whether it belongs to the dominant word or the subordinate clause.
Auxiliary verbs are used as an encyclopedia of subordinate clauses in a compound. In doing so, he is referring to the degree to which the semantics of the word to which he is attached relate to the dominant semantics of the action or state. For example, in the "keldi-yu ketdi[come-and-go]" phrase, they are expressed in the external sema "-yu", which reflects the semantic connection. He added a subtlety of meaning that was added to the subordinate clause and signified the coherence of action represented by the semantics of the compound components. Auxiliary verbs are added to the verbs in the cut function, filling the sememe with the sema denoting time, and it expresses the semantics of controlling the word in the tense function.
For example, in the compound "hozircha ishlab turibman[I am currently working on]", the addition of an auxiliary verb to the verb "ishla[work]" has added a grammatical semantic meaning to the present tense in its semantics, and has ensured that the verb is connected to the present tense of the verb. This is the subtlety of meaning that the external sema adds to the semantics of the verb section. Hence, the external sema joins the words in the communication and does not affect the integrity of its semantics, but only serves its grammatical function with another word, thereby adding a subtle meaning to it.

CONCLUSION
So sema is a component of word semema in the communicative process. While each morphologically meaningful part of a word is called a morpheme, semantically the concept expressed by that word is considered a semema, and the conceptual symbols find expression in the semantics. The affixes that make up a word and make up a word form are the following morphemes. Auxiliary words used with the word itself are also word forms, i.e. follow morphemes. This is considered to be the external semaphore of the semen. The external sema is a sema that represents the semantic relationship of two words in a sentence