Comparative And Linguocultural Analysis Of The Concept "Gender" In Uzbek And English Languages

The article under discussion reveals the issues of comparative and linguocultural analysis of the concept “gender” in Uzbek and English languages. The present study presents gender as a concept of linguistic culture and describes it as the basis that forms gender stereotypes on the material of phraseological units of English and Uzbek languages. The author of the article considers that gender is not a linguistic category, but its content can be revealed through the analysis of language structures, which explains the need for a linguistic study of the cultural representation of gender.


INTRODUCTION
The concept of "gender" is widely considered as a socio-cultural, discursive and psycholinguistic phenomenon.When studying the gender factor in language, a linguocultural approach is put forward, involving the study of masculinity and femininity as basic cultural concepts.The application of the gender approach is based on the methodological principle -understanding gender as a socially and culturally constructed phenomenon.Analysis of the expression of gender in language involves the representation of gender in language by means of linguistic resources and a whole system of factors (from ethnic and socio-cultural to individualpsychological).In speech behavior, women The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations (ISSN -2689-100x) Published: June 28, 2021 | Pages: 112-117 Doi : https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume03Issue06-19IMPACT FACTOR 2021: 5. 857 OCLC -1121105668 are characterized by deviations from the main topic and changes in roles; men tend not to deviate from the topic and interrupt the interlocutor more often [4, p.118].
In modern linguistics, gender features are considered in combination with status, social group, educational level, situational context and taking into account the changing situation in society.Interest in the ways of nominating persons of different gender and the gender category as such has deep roots: the relationship between the grammatical gender and the extralinguistic category "gender" is considered to be the most important one.The standard notion that women are more emotional than men leads to the fact that the same forms of speech behavior in men are interpreted as neutral and in women as emotional.
All linguistic studies of tendency are interdependent and complementary.The modern sociolinguistic model of language and speech functioning includes a structure of interdependent and interrelated components, connected, on the one hand, with physiological and neuropsychological features of the individual and, on the other hand, with the specificity of individual speech code formation under the influence of social (cultural, ethnic, etc.) and economic (belonging to a certain group, stratum, class, etc.) factors.
The analysis of men's speech represents the desire of men to restrain their emotionality (especially any manifestations of tenderness), using neutral vocabulary.The study of the means of expression of language units, conveying emotions in the speech of women, reveals emotionality, which is manifested at different levels.It is noted the desire of women to use, besides neutral, traditionally "feminine" vocabulary, rich in comparisons, metaphors, ellipses and rhetorical questions.
When analyzing the intonation of male and female voices such phenomena as the speech competence of women, avant-gardism or conservatism, emotionality, social status and social speech are distinguished.The issue of speech (intonational) competence is determined by comparing female and male readings of the text in the group of the same social status.Educated women are as proficient in intonation norms for reading as men.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In gender-linguistics "gender asymmetry" is of interest, because its study contributes to the deep study, and in some cases revision of the word-formation and nominative systems of language.In English against the background of certain achievements of feminism, reflected in the language (the appearance of such words as policewoman, man-eater, careerwoman), the male dominance is preserved, as only at the semantic level the category of gender appears.In English the concept "man" expresses the meaning "human", and the word "woman" has no this meaning.The English lexeme "man" denotes the concept "man" in a general sense and also takes over the designation of all the best qualities inherent in a person.As in many Indo-European languages, neutral words denoting persons of both sexes are masculine words.The formation of feminine words in English is made from the words of the male gender.The gender approach is based on the idea that it is not the biological or physical differences between men and women that matter, but the cultural and social significance that society attaches to these differences.
The present study presents gender as a concept of linguistic culture and describes it as the basis that forms gender stereotypes on

RESULTS
In order to select exclusively gender-marked phraseological units from the general phraseological fund of the languages under study, we will propose the following criteria for the selection of gender-marked English and Uzbek phraseological units: 1. Grammatical criterion.In English, phraseological units with personal pronouns he (он -у), she (она -у), his (его -унинг), him (его, ему -унга), her (её -унинг, ей -унга) are gendermarked: His Majesty's servantsактёры; he is so dumb you can sell him the Brooklyn Bridge -он набитый дурак -у мутлақо аҳмоқдир.However, in many English proverbs with the personal pronoun he there is a phenomenon of gender neutralization and such proverbs can be used in relation to women: he laughs best who laughs last -хорошо смеётся тот, кто смеётся последним -охирги марта кулган киши яхши кулади.This is what is manifested in androcentrism in English grammar.In the Uzbek language, the identification of gender coloring of phraseological expressions with the help of grammatical criterion is difficult, because it has no pronouns, indicating a particular gender.

2.
The morphological criterion primarily relies on the content of -er and -or suffixes in the structure of English phraseological units, indicating the male gender and the suffix - The semantic criterion of selecting gender-marked phraseological units is the most difficult, because English and Uzbek phraseology abounds with units that are not gender-marked by their component composition, but if we turn to the general meaning of these components, we can find that they denote either a man or a woman.Consider the Uzbek phraseology боши қоронғиpregnant (in the first period of pregnancy).If we dissect this phraseological unit into separate components, we obtain the lexemes бош -head and қоронғиdark.These individual lexemes are not gender-marked in any way, but together they formed a phraseological unit denoting a woman in the early stage of pregnancy.If we analyze the English phraseology lounge lizarda social bum, it also does not contain a gender component: lounge is a place for rest and entertainment, lizard is an animal (lizard).Together they denote a man who is not engaged in a certain business and likes to spend time in entertainment clubs and bars.
Thus, each of the listed criteria for selecting gender-marked phraseological units allows for certain changes or exceptions.Therefore, all the criteria should be applied together to clearly specify the gender nominated by the semantics of a particular phraseological unit.
Gender stereotypes identified on the material of English and Uzbek phraseology are divided into: 1) male stereotype; 2) the stereotype of a woman [2, p.137].
The gender stereotype functions at the level of the language system, as for the gender concept, it is represented much wider than the gender stereotype.The gender concept can be actualized at the lexical-phraseological level and at the level of entire texts.Not always the gender concept coincides with the gender stereotype, on the contrary, in modern English and Uzbek languages there is a certain discrepancy between gender stereotypes and gender concepts.Society develops, people's stereotypical opinions about existing or preexisting models of men and women change, and these changes do not always manage to be timely recorded and reflected in language, in particular in lexicographic sources [3, p.304].
The analysis of English phrases allowed us to build the following semantic classification: 1.
External characteristics:

CONCLUSION
Thus, a man's professional activity is extremely important for English-speaking society, since the amount of income and the prestige of a man's work determines his social status and that of his family as a whole.Social and economic reforms of the late twentieth century also influenced the role of women in society.Stereotypical ideas about the role of women, as represented in the phrases have undergone significant changes, which are naturally associated with the correctness of language.
The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations (ISSN -2689-100x) In this group are distinguished the phrases denoting professions related to law, army and navy, politics, etc. Socioprofessional activity is determinative forThe American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations (ISSN -2689-100x)