The Role Of Pasture Agrophytocenoses In The Optimization Of The Ecological Situation

In the desert regions of our country there are large farms specializing in astrakhan fur farming. It is known that karakul is one of the most important branches of animal husbandry in the republic. In Karakul agriculture, the natural cover of deserts and hills serves as the main source of food. Of the 23.1 million hectares of pastures and hayfields in Uzbekistan, 17.5 million hectares are used as desert pastures. Of these, 37.1% are still in crisis, with 1 million. Harmful and poisonous plants on an area of more than 0.5 million hectares. Under the influence of these weeds, which are not eaten by weeds, the productivity of pastures is sharply reduced.


INTRODUCTION
One of the main causes of this pasture crisis is the misuse of pastures and the spread of poisonous and similar poisonous and harmful plants. These  There are 30 million pastures in the country, and they all have a different climate and soil cover, so it is necessary to study the characteristics of vegetation, soil and climate. The study of the biological properties of a plant for growth, development, reproduction, spontaneous reproduction and, most importantly, its suitability for feeding is the main task in the construction of artificial pastures. To do this, on degraded areas of pastures, it is advisable to isolate heat-resistant plants and carry out phytomeliorative measures, for which it is necessary to conduct experiments with their participation, taking into account the ecological and biological characteristics of promising desert pastures. The desert pasture had to determine the most suitable species of edible plants for the area.
The creation of artificial pastures with the participation of species acceptable for a given area is important for increasing the productivity of pastures, allowing intensive use of pastures and providing livestock with vitamin-rich feed throughout the year. This is one of the key issues of today in solving this urgent task, and also important for the prevention of desertification.
The best way to improve pastures that are in crisis in the desert and hills, i.e. covered with poisonous and harmful plants -this is the creation of artificial agrophytocenoses from a mixture of shrubs, semi-shrubs and grasses, along with ensuring biodiversity and guaranteeing the sustainability of the environment.
All sandy massifs of the republic are the main fodder base for livestock, but the fodder Phytomelioration is an important factor in preventing desertification. Due to the fact that the Kyzykum desert is a large and promising Karakul region of the republic, the description of scientific research in the field of phytomelioration of these pastures is of particular importance. Although the first studies in the field of pasture productivity in KyzylKum were started in the 30s under the leadership of E.P. Korovin, their development increasing the productivity of pastures, working on the basis of mutual agreements with karakul farms or farms and the state. control over their activities; • Establish regular financing of measures to improve pasture productivity at the expense of centralized funds and local budgets, control the use of created agrophytocenoses.
The next important task is the correct selection of the optimal composition of pasture agrophytocenoses in conditions of a specific ecological type of environment, species, alternative ratios of life forms of plants in desert areas.
When creating new agrophytocenoses, the following recommendations should be considered.
• Testing and selection of different ratios of food desert species belonging to different life forms in arid regions. • Determine the characteristics of effective use of moisture based on the study of the forming properties of the root system. • Identification of species with a high content of nutrients based on the study of indicators of feed yield.
Also, the development of agro technical foundations for the creation of optimal structural pasture agrophytocenoses in certain environmental conditions is one of the urgent problems today, which is a key condition for increasing biodiversity, the development of karakul and biodiversity. It can be seen that living forms of promising shrub, semi-shrub, transitional species under the conditions of annual crops of created agrophytocenoses are higher and more intensive than development indicators.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we note the enormous importance of creating artificial agrophytocenoses for stabilizing the ecological state of desert pastures and increasing the productivity of pastures, which will increase the productivity of pastures by 2-3 times, ensure biodiversity and prevent desertification.
The life span of agrophytocenoses in winter is 15-20 years and is a guarantee of the stability of the biocenosis due to self-reproduction at later stages.