International Practice Of Development And Implementation Of Deposit Policy

The current state of the deposit policy of commercial banks of our country was analyzed in this article. During the analysis the peculiarities of systemic development of factors influencing on the process of deposit policy implementation were investigated. Also the conditions and opportunities of using of information systems and other directions of international best practice for improving the deposit policy of commercial banks were assessed. Based on the total conclusions on the organization of the system of targeted using of instruments for the development of deposit policy of commercial banks, scientific proposals and practical recommendations were developed to increase the level of capitalization and deposit base of commercial banks, to direct the strategy and tactics of deposit activity of commercial banks to strengthen their financial stability and reliability.


INTRODUCTION
In the world practice there is a lot of research work on the development of bank deposit policy. In particular, the provision of innovative deposit services through banking divisions operating in the Smart-banking system, ensuring the coherence and coherence of The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research (ISSN-2642-7478) Published: February 09, 2021 | Pages: 1-10 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/Volume03Issue02-01 IMPACT FACTOR 2021: 5. 676 OCLC -1091588944 deposit policy with strategic programs for the development of the banking system, improving the methodology of deposit policy development and its implementation tools The problems associated with it have been studied in depth. The need to intensify research in this area is reflected in the fact that current research ignores the issues of forward-looking approach as part of the strategy for the development of banking activities in the formation of deposit policy, as well as in determining the final, intermediate and operational goals of deposit policy.
In this article, we will look at foreign experience in developing deposit policy from the example of U.S. commercial banks.
The total amount of money that can be invested or saved in the U.S. is limited to a particular district or region, so commercial banks resort to a management strategy called liability management. Broadly speaking, this strategy is aimed at meeting customer demand for high-quality loans and borrowing money from other financial institutions to meet reserve requirements by banks. In the narrow sense, liability management is one of the ways to manage a bank's liquidity.
U.S. banks raise funds to achieve these goals in the following ways:  Borrowing from the local market of federal funds and the Euro currency market;  Sale of short-term capital market certificates of deposit to customers;  Loans from the regional Federal Reserve Bank;  Concluding an agreement with individuals and legal entities to repurchase excess funds for a certain period of time;  Issuance of promissory notes through a branch of the holding company.
The federal stock market is the source of local credit for U.S. banks. These funds are deposits in federal reserve banks. Commercial banks may accumulate surplus reserves that do not generate income as a result of unexpected deposit flows or a decrease in the volume of loans. Therefore, some banks that own them will quickly transfer the required amount of reserves or transfer them to other banks that need funds to invest in assets.
As we know, in 1991 in the United States was adopted "On improving the activities of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation." Under the law, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation will receive $ 30 billion from the Ministry of Finance over a 15-year period. allowed to borrow in the amount of $. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation also received $ 45 billion from the Ministry of Finance to replenish working capital from proceeds from the sale of bankrupt bank assets. How was eligible for a loan of up to $.
The advent of the deposit insurance system has helped protect the deposits and transaction accounts of small investors, as well as stabilize the banking system. It is fair to provide guarantees for the return of deposits to small investors (individuals and legal entities). This is because the cost of creditworthiness information for small investors is much higher than for large ones. Because small investors do not have enough information, they sometimes tend to return their deposits quickly, regardless of their financial situation.

ANALYSIS OF THE RELEVANT LITERATURE
The above comments are also based on the methodology developed by L. von Bertalanfi, S. Bir, J. van Gig, R. Akoff, S. Optner and other well-known representatives of the field of structural research. we try to identify the constituent elements of the policy. In our opinion, these components are: Some of the problems under the influence of external environmental factors are reflected in the internal environment of the bank in one form or another. Therefore, in determining and evaluating the factors that cause the problem, it is advisable to apply not only the principle of "cause and effect", but also the principle of "manufacturer-product" proposed by the famous American scientist EA Singer. 3. Identify the means and mechanisms to achieve the goal. Almost all the problems that arise in the development, implementation and improvement of deposit policy are fundamental, ie theoretical and methodological. An indepth study of the theoretical and methodological foundations of deposit policy will be a priority in the selection of appropriate tools and mechanisms. 4. Develop a program to achieve the goal. The program is essentially a set of measures to implement the deposit policy and a "road map" for their implementation. 5. Development of types and procedures of operations carried out under the Deposit Policy Implementation Program. The main attention should be paid to compliance with legislation, regulations, as well as quality management in accordance with the requirements of ISO 9000: 2015. 6. Development of a system of monitoring and control over the implementation of operations and procedures. If the monitoring and control functions are concentrated at the disposal of separate bodies of the bank, it is not necessary to develop a special internal banking document for the implementation of these functions.
7. Assess the level and effectiveness of compliance with the requirements of the deposit policy in the Banking Development Strategy and develop a system of incentives (or penalties) for employees directly and indirectly involved in this area.
In our article, we try to identify the main trends in the banking system of the Republic of Kazakhstan, one of the strategic partners of the country, by analyzing the activities of deposits of individuals and legal entities, as well as the current state of deposit policy by the People's Bank. You can also find the analysis of consumer financial behavior in the articles of N. Khasankhonova [10]

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This article analyzes the current state of implementation of deposit policy by commercial banks and identifies factors influencing the stability of the bank's resource base. The methods of scientific abstraction, expert evaluation, induction and deduction, comparison, systematic analysis were used in the analysis process.

ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
According to the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan,  The increase in the volume of deposits attracted to the banking system has allowed to strengthen the resource base of commercial banks with relatively cheap and long-term financial resources. At the end of 2018, interest rates on loans to legal entities increased by 11.7% (the average weighted interest rate in 2018 was 12.4%, a decrease of 1. According to the results of the analysis, the following main trends in the field of deposit operations in the banking sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan can be noted: first, the fact that almost half of the attracted deposits are in US dollars has led to an increase in the level of dollarization in the deposit portfolio of the banking sector. This is mainly due to macroeconomic factors (depreciation of the national currency, inflationary expectations of the population and businesses,      Based on the results of the above analysis, the following factors are characteristic of the banking system of Kazakhstan and individual banks:  The growing level of "dollarization" of deposits in the banking sector is one of the factors reducing the effectiveness of the central bank's monetary policy, as well as increasing the level of global and monetary risks that are not controlled by commercial banks. At the same time, the lack of a certain stability in the exchange rate of the national currency against major foreign currencies leads to the preference of foreign currencies in the choice of deposit currency by the population and businesses;  The increase in the share of time deposits in the structure of deposits indicates the level of confidence of the population and businesses in the banking system. The increase in time deposits in commercial banks will have a positive impact on the state of financial stability, expanding the lending capacity of banks. At the same time, the increase in the ratio between deposits and loans will mitigate external factors. This, in turn, will have a positive impact on the implementation of national economic development programs.

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Adherence to the indicators characterizing the stability of the deposit base of commercial banks is important in the development and implementation of the deposit strategy of commercial banks.