Socio-Economic Importance Of Biological Resources And Its Role In The Field Of Law

Preservation of the natural environment in the coming decades is one of the universal human values as a necessary condition for the survival of life on Earth. But the process of realizing this is very slow. Protection of the environment, rational use of natural resources, ensuring the environmental safety of the population is one of the main directions of state environmental policy. The role and importance of the legal framework in regulating the complex environmental legal relations that arise in this process is enormous. In today’s world, the value of biological resources increases significantly. Biofuels, including population growth, climate change, plants and wildlife, have become widespread. However, a vulnerable living being is particularly sensitive to the effects of environmental factors and requires special measures to protect it.

In this regard, the Parliament of the Republic of Uzbekistan has adopted environmental legislation based on a number of conceptual principles for the implementation of environmental policy [1]. As well as ensuring the environmental safety of the population [2], about 30 special environmental laws have been developed by many governments, ie more than 350 normative and legal acts, aimed at ensuring the rational use of natural resources, its protection and its transmission to the next generation in a pure form.
The 21st century is the age of high technology and information. The introduction of effective technologies is of particular importance in the history of civilization. At the international level, population growth is required to meet the demand for natural resources and agricultural products, to ensure the rational use of natural resources, to achieve development through the formation of a regulatory framework for the introduction of innovative technologies and scientific achievements in sustainable development.
Today, in the process of human exploitation of natural resources, nearly 40 percent of the earth's natural resources have been depleted ( It should be noted that the basis of the concept of protection and use of biological resources is the separation of biological resources into 4 functional groups. 1-material, 2-formation (organization) of the environment, 3-spiritualaesthetic, 4-information-information. In this context, it is important to develop and adhere to a comprehensive approach to the use of biological resources.
Biological resources have traditionally played an important role in the development of Uzbekistan in terms of socio-economic factors. Along with other natural objects, the rational use and conservation of biological resources are studied as separate fundamental research in the Academy of Sciences. It should be noted that the main task of the first expeditions was to identify and evaluate biological resources.

THE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS
Biological resources as a social issue, scientific institutions play a special role in setting biological standards, requirements for the rational use and protection of biological resources, biological resources, genetics, microbiology, plant chemistry, the development of the Red Book of Uzbekistan. In recent years, the protection and rational use of biological resources in the institutes of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the study of these objects has reached a new level.  [11].
According to Daniel Yanzen, an American scientist, an expert in evolutionary ecology and biodiversity conservation, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, "Biodiversity genes, populations, a whole set of species and a cluster of manifestations" [12] recognized like that.
Professor Peter Brussard recognizes the predominance of inventory-type deficits and describes them as "standard". Biodiversity deficit "is the diversity of species, the diversity of communities and habitats, the combination of species and the genetic diversity within a species"[13].
Professor Donald Falk points out that biodiversity is "the sum of the differences between biological beings". Ecology studies issues related to biotic and abiotic factors. The term "bio-" translates to "life", the suffix "-ic" to "like" and the word 'quality'. We can therefore understand that biotic describes living factors. Minerals, metals, rocks, subsoil and other resources, ie non-living objects "gifted" by nature, are abiotic factors [14]. According to UN Resident Coordinator in Uzbekistan Stefan Priesner, biodiversity refers to the diversity of life on Earth -plants, animals, microorganisms and ecosystems that form the basis of their organisms [15].
Biodiversity has become one of the major global problems of ecology. E.O. Wilson, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, noted that the current genetic and species diversity is becoming more and more complex as the problem of habitat division undoubtedly expands [16]. In particular, human settlements, pollution, water and atmospheric changes have increased the vulnerability of species and ecosystems. Biodiversity is the diversity and variability of life on Earth.
The term "biological resources" refers to the state of differentiation of living organisms living in one or more species on land, at sea and in various ecosystems and ecological complexes.
According to the Convention on Biological Diversity, biological diversity refers to all living organisms that live and grow on land, in the sea and in other ecosystems [17]. "Biological resources" include genetic resources, organisms and their parts, ecosystems that are valuable or potentially beneficial to humanity. Biodiversity refers to the abundance and diversity of species, living things, plants and ecosystems that exist in nature and belong to the same species [18].
It is difficult to imagine the scale of products and services coming to the face of biodiversity. In particular, humans use about 7,000 plants for food, 90 percent of the world's food is created through 20 species, of which 3 types (wheat, corn, rice) cover half of the world's food needs. Biological resources are also an important raw material for industry and medicine [19].
According to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On protection and use of plant life" in natural plant communities wild plants use medicinal and technical raw materials, preparation (collection) of wild plants for food purposes by legal entities and individuals is allowed in the manner prescribed by law [20]. That is, in accordance with Article 27 of the Law "On Forests" and paragraph 11 of the Regulation "On the use of flora and fauna in the field of flora" approved by the Cabinet of The following issues should be highlighted in ensuring the quality and safety of food products in the use of biological resources. In particular: human activity is associated with production and consumption, which has led to an increase in demand for natural resources on the one hand, and the deterioration of the environment on the other; International expert studies on food security show that the complex situation in the world and in some regions of the world is a matter of serious concern and concern[22]. Environmental degradation is still ongoing, and land degradation is exacerbated by the relentless use of chemicals, fertilizers and pesticides[23].
In particular, food production, which is caused by the growth of the world's population, is lagging behind the growth of demand. In this regard, the XXI century began with the witnessing the further development of human intelligence. Mankind has become accustomed to accepting new achievements and successes in science and technology as the norm[24].
At the international level, population growth requires meeting the demand for natural resources and agricultural products, ensuring the rational use of natural resources, achieving development through the introduction of innovative technologies and the formation of a regulatory framework for sustainable development.
In this regard, as a result of the activities of genetic engineering, the protection of the environment and the rational use of natural resources, ensuring the environmental safety of the population, the development and implementation of genetics at the international level have a positive impact on ecology and agriculture. These are seen as key factors in achieving the goals.
In recent times, the achievements of genetic engineering have been highly valued by the world community. In addition, genetic engineering and its achievements will be the main and primary factor in solving almost all the problems facing humanity in the future, which are becoming more and more difficult to solve, such as famine, dehydration, environmental pollution, man and his existence. we can say without hesitation. Genetic engineering research is achieving high results, especially in solving the food problem and increasing the crop yields that are closely related to this problem. After all, most of the various agricultural products that currently fill our markets are derived from varieties and breeds created on the basis of the achievements of genetic engineering. Today, it is not surprising that there are apples and potatoes that are not eaten by various insects (e.g., worms), and tomatoes, cucumbers, and similar melons, which rodents can eat but only benefit if consumed by humans. In recent years, many developed countries have been using the achievements of genetic engineering to meet the demand for agricultural products. consequences. In particular, it is difficult to predict what dangers to humans in the future will be caused by mutations in plant and animal genes that are not in the same category. In this regard, it is important to organize the rational use of natural resources for scientific purposes and to provide a legal mechanism for this issue.
In the literature, the intellectual and creative activity of man is carried out in all areas related to living nature, such as medicine, biology, zoology, selection, genetics, physiology, all objects of living beings [27]. It has been noted that what is a living being may be the object of genetic engineering research.
The product obtained as a result of genetic engineering activities is an issue that falls within the scope of civil law relations, but the process itself is closely related to the laws of nature and nature conservation legislation.
In foreign countries, this activity is considered as an object of environmental law and as a separate research institute. I.V. According to Gushchin, genetic engineering and the relationships associated with it are part of the legal relationship to ecology [28].
Article 28 of the Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan sets out the procedure for carrying out genetic engineering activities, which also sets out the environmental and legal requirements that must be met by those who carry out these activities. The results of genetic engineering can be quite dangerous to human health and the environment. If a normative-legal document is developed in this regard, it will focus on environmental relations, which will serve as a special prohibition of ecological law.
Most CIS countries have adopted legislation regulating this area. For example, the Russian Federation has adopted the Law "On state regulation of activities in the field of genetic engineering" [29]. In Switzerland, New Zealand, Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia and Belarus, legal frameworks in the field of genetic engineering have been adopted to protect the natural environment and the rational use of wildlife, as well as environmental safety.
It is necessary to adopt the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Genetic Engineering". In our opinion, the proposed law includes the legal definition of genetic engineering, state regulation of genetic engineering, protection and rational use of natural resources, Ensuring the ecological safety of the population, the boundaries and standards of environmental and ecological safety during the implementation [30] of these activities, should represent legal protection measures for the results of genetic engineering.
Innovative ideas and projects, which are an important tool of social development, serve to expand the range of goods produced, reduce production costs, the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies.
The unique soil and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, the fact that the average number of sunny days in the country is 320 days a year, the consistent change of all four seasons create favorable conditions for the cultivation of a wide range of high quality fruits and vegetables[31].
In the 1990s, potatoes, grain, vegetables, meat and dairy products were imported to Uzbekistan, an agrarian country with a growing cotton monopoly. However, these products could be grown on our own, in our fertile fields. But not cultivated. At present, 96% of food products are produced in-house and the rest is Article 2 of the Law on Food Quality and Safety is entitled Basic Concepts, which should include the concept of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In particular, genetically modified organisms are genotypes that have been modified using artificial genetic engineering techniques, i.e., living organisms.
Article 5 of the Law "On Food Quality and Safety" is called the state standardization in the field of food quality and safety, and the third part of this article should be supplemented with the following norms.
In our opinion, it is necessary to include in the proposal the norms "In the protection of state food security, take measures to eliminate them by state sanitary or veterinary authorities". In practice, such rules are considered and implemented as the functions performed by these bodies. The establishment of such a norm in the legislation would be correct from a practical point of view. In addition, the People's Republic of China "On Food Safety" (Article 114), the Republic of Belarus "On Food Safety, Human Life and Health"[35] (Article 14), the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On quality and safety of food products" clearly define the powers of special authorities.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it should be noted that the most important issues that need to be addressed in improving the legal framework for ensuring the quality and safety of food in the use of biological resources, food security, are undoubtedly further coordination of efforts in this area and large-scale international cooperation, joint development of forwardlooking approaches and conclusions. Indeed, the improvement of the legal framework for improving the quality and safety of food products in the use of biological resources requires a systematic and continuous analytical study of the experience and practice gained in various countries around the world and the improvement of regulations.