Studying The Classification And Quality Of Food

This article examines the analysis of the quality of food products in the world markets. The negative impact of low-quality goods on the health of the population and the economy of the country is substantiated, as well as issues of studying modern methods for determining the composition of low-quality goods.


INTRODUCTION
Today in the Republic of Uzbekistan more than 51% of the population lives in rural areas.
However, the share of agricultural products in the country's GDP does not exceed 17%, while OCLC -1121105746 the volume of processing of agricultural products is less than 10%. However, in developed countries, this figure exceeds 50 per cent. As you know, in the Strategy of Action for the Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021, tasks are outlined for the effective use of local raw materials and the introduction of advanced intensive methods, innovative ideas and technologies in production. This work is devoted to the solution and implementation of these tasks in practice.
Since food is one of the basic human needs, therefore, all countries produce, import or export these products. All goods related to food products are usually divided into corresponding positions of commodity groups. The composition of food products belonging to commodity group 21 includes a wide range of consumer products. These foods are considered essential for the daily needs of people. The export of this group of goods in the world in 2017 amounted to $ 69.4 billion, and in 2018 -$ 77.5 billion. The largest exporters of these products are the USA, Germany, the Netherlands, Singapore and China. The group of 21 items exported from these countries accounted for 35% of all world exports in 2017 and 38% in 2018. The USA, Great Britain, France, China, Germany and Canada are the leaders in the import of this group of goods.
I would like to note that the export of goods from the Republic of Uzbekistan is growing from year to year. In recent years, several positive steps have been taken in our country to grow vegetables and fruits. As a result of  The introduction of a risk management system in the customs authorities led to the simplification of the principles of customs procedures. This, in turn, helps to save time, creating certain conveniences for participants in foreign economic activity. Not all participants in external economic activity benefit from the created opportunities. There are a number of violations of customs rules on the incorrect determination of the code of goods for the customs nomenclature of foreign economic activity. In recent years, several problems have arisen with the classification of food products according to the customs nomenclature of foreign economic activity. For example, several years ago, dairy products and milk powder were classified according to the customs nomenclature of foreign economic activity code 0402101100 and submitted to the customs authorities as a cargo declaration. The amount of starch in milk powder classified in position 0402 on the customs nomenclature of foreign economic activity must be less than 5%. Otherwise, if the amount of starch in milk powder is 5% or more, such a dairy product should have been assigned to item 2106. As a result of a customs inspection carried out in a customs laboratory, it was found that the starch content of this product did not contain more than five%. Thus, on the basis of the analyzes carried out in line with the customs nomenclature of foreign economic activity, it was concluded that these goods should be classified in the position according to the customs nomenclature of foreign economic activities with the following code 2106909200.
Rice was classified under code 1006101000 according to the customs nomenclature of foreign economic activity and was registered in the customs import in the form of a cargo declaration. Samples were transferred to the customs authorities instead of rice, brown rice, which differed from the samples intended for customs authorities, that is, not related to imported goods. Samples of ready-to-eat rice products were presented to the certification bodies. When inspecting 840 tons of imported products, the customs laboratory staff found out that the samples taken for examination did not correspond to the certificates. As a result, it was concluded that the product is a ready-toeat rice product and its correct code for the customs nomenclature of foreign economic activity must correspond to code 1006102700. As another example, SMAK Potato Chips, classified according to the customs nomenclature of foreign economic activity code 200520200 and submitted to the customs authority with a customs cargo declaration for import, are considered. Sliced potato products classified in heading 2005 are in the form of rectangular plates, made from potato flour and contain a small amount of salt and sodium glutamate. These potatoes should be fried a few seconds before eating. As a result of the customs examination carried out in the customs laboratory, it was established that potato chips "Potato chips SMAK" and other types of flour-starch mixture, before being served ready-made, are subjected to cutting in the form of thin rectangles on special equipment, then cut into thin layers, followed by a sprinkle of salt, aromatic spices and fried.
In accordance with the text of heading 1905 and the basic rules of interpretation for the customs nomenclature of foreign economic activity, a corresponding conclusion was prepared for the product "Potato chips SMAK", which is classified by code 190590550 in the line of the customs nomenclature of foreign economic activity.

RESULTS OF STUDIES
As shown by the analysis of the research carried out on the customs nomenclature of foreign economic activity, it was revealed that the departments of territorial customs laboratories do not have instruments for determining the chemical composition and quality of exported and implanted goods. All this, in turn, creates a number of problems for the laboratory staff.
As far as we know, according to Article 217 of the Customs Code, an examination can be carried out either by one (customs examination commission) or by several experts of different specialities (complex customs examination). However, the uneven distribution of specialists across regions can create certain problems for conducting a comprehensive examination.
I would like to note that high rates of customs duties have been established for a number of food products, and some goods are exempted from customs duties. For example, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5978 dated April 3, 2020, a list of goods exempted from customs duties and excise taxes was provided until December 31, 2020. The list also included goods in positions 0402, but not goods in positions 2106. According to the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PQ-3818 dated June 29, 2018, the import customs duty for goods in position 2106 was set at 30%. Above, we examined the problems arising in the classification of certain food products in accordance with the requirements of the customs nomenclature for foreign economic activity. It should be noted that milk substitutes and dry milk products classified under code 2106 909200 should be classified under code 0402 101100. Taking into account the above, it can be argued that at this stage of our time the main factor is the health of the population, based on this, all work should be carried out in the direction of production and quality control of food.