Monitoring Of Sucking Pests Of Vegetable Crops From The (Auchenorrhyncha) Series Of Uzbekistan

The article presents the monitoring of sucking pests of vegetable crops of the families Aphrophoridae and Cicadellidae from the Auchenorrhyncha series, their sistematic position, food connections, harmfulness, and modern control measures are recommended.


INTRODUCTION
The complex of factors influencing the environment is growing catastrophically. According to the results of many years of research, to date, faunistic complexes of invertebrates have been registered, consisting of more than 20 thousand species [1].
At the end of the 70 years of the last century, taking into account the tense ecological The American Journal of Agriculture and Boimedical Engineering (ISSN -2689(ISSN - -1018 Published: April 17, 2021| Pages: 1-5 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/Volume03Issue04-01 IMPACT FACTOR 2021: 5. 554 OCLC -1121105746 situation in Uzbekistan, which had developed as a result of the intensive use of insecticides of organochlorine, organophosphate, carbamate and other nature, under the general guidance of Academician A.S. Sadykov, studies were started that led to the creation of a new concept plant protection, which provides for the development and implementation of a system of methods for managing the dynamics of the population of harmful insects, allowing to restrain harmful activities at an economically imperceptible level, with a minimum negative impact on other components of the environment [2].
Research is being carried out in the country to develop methods for artificially controlling the development, reproduction and behavior of insects-pests of agricultural plants. Body length 3.3-4.3 mm. The body of the cicada is brownish or brownish-yellow with a slightly pronounced brown pattern. Pronotum with brownish stripes. Elytra are yellowish-brown, with dark cells, sometimes transparent. The legs are brownish-yellow. It overwinters in the egg phase. The eggs laid are yellow at first, later turning red at one end. The female seizes them several times or one at a time in the incisions made by the ovipositor. The larvae hatch from the eggs in late April-early May. At first they are dark brown, with age their color gradually approaches that of an adult insect. The larvae move by jumping with the help of their jumping hind legs. In late May -early June, the larvae turn into adult insects. After additional feeding with plant juice, the females lay eggs, which develop from 23 to 40 days, depending on the temperature. The larvae live for 22 days and during this time molt 4 times, that is, they have 5 larval instars. The life span of cicadas is up to two months, so it is difficult to define a clear boundary between generations. Therefore, during the season, different phases of cicada development can be observed simultaneously. Usually, between 1 and 3 generations develop during the growing season.

The main harm
It damages all grain and fodder cereals, causes their liquefaction, weak tillering and general weakening of plants.
On spring crops, it is harmful during the period of earing and milk ripeness of grain, reduces its quality and reduces the yield (sometimes up to 20-45%).
Vector of viruses-pathogens of mosaic disease of winter wheat.
After harvesting the spring loaves, the cicadas migrate to corn and wild cereals, and partially remain on the stubble weeds.
In August and September, they move to the seedlings of winter crops, where they lay eggs that overwinter. May. The female of this species lays eggs in piles of several pieces in the fabric of the sheath of one of the older basal leaves. After laying the eggs, adult cicadas quickly die. There is a clear boundary in time between the first and second generation.
The duration of egg development is 32-35 days. Larvae of the first and second instars are yellowish in color, with gray stripes on the upper part of the abdomen. Starting from the third instar, the larvae become brownish-gray. They avoid the exposed surface. Only occasionally, older larvae are selected on the upper part of the plants. In the first half of summer, the first and second generations of cicadas are winged, and from this time until late autumn, adult cicadas and larvae can be found in the fields. After reaching the 3rd-4th century, the larvae overwinter. The subsequent stages of development of the cicada die during the first frosts.

The main harm
It mainly damages a variety of cereals.