Pest Of Calendula Officinalis L. And Control Measures In Kashkadarya Region

In this article presents the results of research of pests in medicinal plants grown in the Uzbekistan. During the study, polyphagous and oligophagous pests were found in medicinal plants, worm (orexotvorka), cotton nightshade, marmara nightshade,thrips, mint flea, rosemary baridi, rosemary juice, rosemary stalk, valerian juice.


INTRODUCTION
It is known that today the republic is taking a number of measures to establish plantations of medicinal cloves (calendula officinalis l.), therefore, it is important to study the species composition, biological and ecological characteristics of pests that cause plant death in these crops, and to drastically reduce the damage caused by them.
Today, in order to develop the pharmaceutical industry, provide the population with natural medicines and improve the health of the population, special attention is paid to the The American Journal of Agriculture and Boimedical Engineering (ISSN -2689-1018) With the expansion of the area under medicinal crops, the species composition of pests that cause damage to these plants is also increasing.
Growing natural medicines, on the other hand, requires being environmentally friendly. One of the main factors in obtaining high yields from medicinal plants is their protection from pests. The topical issue is the effective implementation of effective control measures for the protection of medicinal plants from pests (Ahmedov O., Ergashev A., Abzalov A., Yulchieva M.) [1] In recent times, there are several types of pests in medicinal plants that are useful in maintaining the health of the population, and as a result of their damage, a significant part of the crop can be lost.
In order to obtain high and high-quality yields from medicinal plants established in the country, from early spring to early ripening, the species composition, distribution, damage period, degree of damage, bioecological characteristics of various pests in the climatic conditions of the republic, high biological and the development and implementation of a cost-effective, coordinated system of struggle is one of the important tasks of today. Based on the above problems, medicinal plants established in the forestry areas are grown such crops as cloves, peppermint, chakanda, Turkestan lion's tail, namatak, medicinal mavrak, Turkestan hawthorn, dalachay, kyzylpoycha, chayoti, thorny kavul (Dusmanov A., 2015) [2].
According to research conducted in the country, the main medicinal plant (Salendula officinalis l.) Has been observed to infect the roots and upper parts of plants with various pests and diseases. If the vegetative part of the nail is severely damaged by melon juice, the cotton nightshade causes great damage to the generative organs. In addition, this plant is a favorite food of field lizards and crabs, spiders, rodents and locusts.
Damage to medicinal plants by pests adversely affects their medicinal and physiological properties, slows their growth, reduces productivity, leads to the complete destruction of some parts or the plant.
When analyzing the literature for the study of the species composition of pests of medicinal plants in the country, it is important to conduct research on the biological and ecological characteristics of pests of these crops in Uzbekistan, their distribution, degree of damage and quantity management. To this end, we conducted our research on the development of methods for managing the species composition and quantity of medicinal plant pests that are medicinal to human health in forests.

RESEARCH MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research was conducted in the forestry areas of Kamashi and Yakkabag districts of Kashkadarya region, which specialize in the cultivation of medicinal plants.

Figure 2. Brown shira -Chaitophorus capreae Mosl. and its larvae.
The larvae of the first age appear in late April and early May.They live in secret places formed by other insects. From spring to autumn, they multiply rapidly and cause serious damage to crops.
In September-October, they move to other trees by changing their food plants and living in dense colonies near their roots.
Clove is a medicinal plant and its use in the pharmaceutical industry is not recommended, given the production of drugs.
It is therefore advisable to organize the fight against its pests in biological, microbiological and methods. In recent years, a variety of chemicals have been used at great expense to produce a bountiful harvest, resulting in environmental pollution and the destruction of beneficial insects as well as pests.
This leads to a weakening of the entomofauna and an increase in both quantitatively and quantitatively, resulting in the resistance of harmful insects to the toxic chemicals used. It is no secret that the number of biolaboratories that reproduce beneficial insects has also been declining sharply in recent years, which has also led to a decrease in the number and quantity of beneficial insects in the entomofauna. Nowadays, a lot of attention is paid to organic agriculture all over the world.
Its main goal is to deliver environmentally friendly products without chemicals. The use of pesticides and anti-disease chemicals in vegetables, melons, berries, spices, as well as medicinal crops, which are the raw materials of the pharmaceutical industry, is especially harmful. Therefore, it is recommended to use "microbial" and non-traditional methods to protect such crops from various pests and diseases.

CONCLUSION
According to the scientific results of our research aimed at identifying pests of medicinal plants, these crops specialize in the production of worm (orexotvorka), nightshade, thrips, mint flea, cauliflower baridi, cauliflower juice, cauliflower stem valerian juice and valerian juice. pests were identified.