The Quality Of Potato Tubers For The Preparation Of Chips, Depending On The Growing Time And Elements Cultivation Technology

The article presents data on the study of the influence of varietal characteristics, timing of growing potatoes and plant placement patterns on the yield and quality of potato chips. It was established that tubers of the Ramona variety are more suitable than Surkhan-1 because of the content of more dry matter and starch. It is noted that during spring planting and with a sparse planting pattern of seed tubers, the tubers contain more dry matter and starch. This contributes to a higher yield and quality of the prepared chip.


INTRODUCTION
In Uzbekistan, in recent years, much attention has been paid to the processing of potatoes, including in the direction of the preparation of the chip for which the quality of the tubers is essential.
It is known that the quality of potatoes depends on many factors, among which the main ones are the characteristics of the variety, soil and climatic conditions, elements of the technology of cultivation, etc.

OCLC -1121105746
The main quality indicators of potato tubers are the content of dry matter, starch, protein, vitamin C, and total sugar in the tubers. Of these, the most important determining the nutritional value of the prepared chip is carbohydrates and, first of all, starch which accounts for 95-99% of the total carbohydrate content in tubers. [1].
In literature there is information about the variability of starch, sugar, water-soluble proteins and vitamin C, depending on various factors. Therefore, the study of the influence of these factors on the biochemical composition of potato tubers and the quality of chips in each particular region is of great relevance.

THE PURPOSE OF RESEARCH
The studies were carried out in order to study the varietal characteristics and the impact of some organizational and agricultural measures on the biochemical composition of potato tubers, the yield and quality of the chips prepared from them.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Field experiments were laid in 2018-2019 at the experimental site of the Samarkand experimental station of the research institute of vegetable and melon crops and potatoes. Spring planting was carried out at the beginning of March, harvesting in the month of June, summer planting was carried out in mid-July, and harvesting in the month of October. We studied options for planting seed tubers according to the scheme 70x15, 70x20 and 70x25 cm.  During the summer planting with freshly harvested tubers in both studied varieties, a decrease in the dry matter content was noted in comparison with the spring growing period.
In the tubers of Surkhan-1 variety in the spring planting period, the dry matter content ranged from 20.4-21.2%, and in the summer cultivation period, the value of this indicator was Ramona varieties; these indicators were 21.6-22.9 and 20.5-21.3% respectively.
The data obtained indicate that during summer planting, plant vegetation, especially the tuber formation period, occurs at a relatively low air temperature compared to the spring planting period, which contributes to a decrease in the dry matter content in tubers. At higher air temperatures, the solids content in tubers increases both in the early-ripening Surkhon-1 variety and in the medium-early Ramon potato variety.
As you know, the starch content in tubers is one of the important indicators of their suitability for processing for which they are used. Our studies have shown that there is a direct correlation between the dry matter and starch content in potato tubers, i.e. the more dry matter, the more starch is contained. The data obtained allow us to conclude that, for the processing of tubers due to the starch content, the most suitable are potato tubers obtained from the spring planting dates grown according to the sparse cultivation scheme.
The vitamin C content in potato tubers is one of the important indicators for determining the palatability of cooked products, i.e. chips. Given these circumstances, in our studies, we studied the influence of cultivation timelines and plant placement patterns not on the content of vitamin C in potato tubers.
Studies have shown that Ramona potato tubers contain more starch (9.4-10.8% mg / kg) than Surkhan-1, which has a vitamin C content of tubers of 9.3-10.7%, depending on from the timing of cultivation and plant layout.
It should be noted that both studied varieties during summer planting with freshly harvested tubers contained more vitamin C compared to spring planting. In addition, there is an increase in the content of this vitamin C by thickening of crops. The results were obtained with both spring and summer planting with freshly harvested tubers. Similar results were obtained in both varieties studied.
Some authors note that, along with other indicators of the biochemical composition of tubers that are relevant for the processing of tubers for the preparation of chips, the content of total sugar in them is also significant. Given this information, in our studies, we conducted laboratory analyzes to determine the total sugar content in potato tubers, depending on the variety, the timing of growing the crop and the layout of the plants.
Studies have shown that the potato tubers of Surkhan-1 contain more sugar than Ramona. So, for example, in Surkhan-1 variety this indicator fluctuates within 0.70-0.96%, when in Ramona variety tuber contains 0.68-0.91%, depending on the timing of cultivation and plant placement patterns.
It should be noted that both varieties contain less sugar in potato harvests from spring planting dates compared to freshly harvested tubers obtained from summer crops.

Picture 1. Chips made from tubers of varieties Surkhan-1 and Ramona
The It was established that with plant thickening, a slight increase in the total sugar content in potato tubers was noted. For example, in springtime, the cultivars of Surkhan-1 varieties with a planting pattern of 70x15 cm contain 0.84% sugar in potato tubers, and in the 70x25 cm variant this figure is 0.70%. Similar data were obtained for summer planting with freshly harvested tubers. The same data were obtained from the potato variety Ramona.
Both studied varieties have more sugar in the tubers during the summer planting season compared to the spring planting season. For example, if the potato cultivar Surkhan-1 during spring planting according to the planting scheme of 70x20 cm in tubers contains 0.76% sugar, then in tubers from the summer planting dates according to the same planting scheme this indicator is 0.96%. In the Ramona potato variety, these indicators were 0.75 and 0.85%, respectively.
The data obtained are apparently due to the physiological immaturity of the tubers from the summer terms for planting potatoes with freshly harvested tubers.
We carried out studies to determine the quality of the chip prepared from tubers of potatoes grown from different varieties, the timing of cultivation with different plant layouts. It was established that the yield and quality of the resulting chip depends on the varietal features and technologies of potato cultivation. In the Ramon variety, the yield of the chip and its quality was high compared to the Surkhan-1 variety. For example, in Ramona tubers, the yield of chips is 39,6-41,9%, depending on the timing of planting of plant placement schemes, when Surkhan-1, these indicators were 38,4-39,0%, respectively (table 2).