Formation Of Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Traffic Safety

The article presents the results of a sociological study reflecting the problems of individual safety in the road traffic system. The assessment of the road safety of socio-economic factors is given. A sociological model of accidents and the stability of drivers is proposed.


INTRODUCTION
Automobile transport as an integral element of the national economic complex of the country plays an important role in the implementation of the transport process. For the successful solution of the tasks set before the transport workers, it is necessary to further improve the transport system. Ensuring the safety of road transport is an integral part of the transport system. The mortality rates in road traffic accidents (RTA) in Uzbekistan per 100 thousand population are close to those of Canada (8), Australia (7) and France (7). The lowest death rate in road traffic accidents (4-6 people) in countries such as Israel, the Netherlands, Japan, Great Britain, Germany, Singapore, Sweden and Switzerland.
In the country in recent years, the problem of ensuring road safety (traffic safety) has been raised to the level of tasks state importance, several measures have been outlined and already implemented to reduce the accident rate and reduce the severity of the consequences of road accidents.
The modern level of the automotive process requires the organization of extensive research, the object of which is the main components of the VADS system. This complex is one of the functioning systems, i.e. is in dynamic mode.
The degree of OBTS in certain specific conditions is determined by the perfection and completeness of the mutual correspondence of the components of the VADS system [(8,9,10,11,13], which is a generalized synthetic complex that depends on many sociological, technical, physiological and psychological factors affecting Road safety accident can be characterized as "mismatch" of the interaction of the links of the VADS system [1,3, 17,19].
Thus, to increase the effectiveness of measures to combat road accidents, it is necessary to determine the most capacious indicators and factors under the influence of which it is possible to exclude the causes of the accident [2,3,5,6,11]. The criteria for the approach to assessing the causes of accidents that exist so far are unambiguous -the driver is to blame. This is evidenced by data from foreign and domestic statistics of the causes of accidents about driver-75%, car-15%, road-10%.
The driver-control link of the named system, therefore, the OBD problem should be considered not only technical but also social [13,14,15,16,17]. We have mainly studied the socio-economic factors affecting traffic safety (DB). Among the socio-economic factors -the turnover of driver's personnel, affecting the state of traffic safety, the following are important:  Social and demographic: age; marital status; education;  General experience; length of service at the given enterprise;  Social production: class; participation in the social life of the enterprise; correct use of working time;  Social and economic: wage system; publicity in the system of material incentives;  Social: living conditions; remoteness of housing from the place of work; cultural and social services; provision of children's institutions; organization of catering and sanitary services;  Social and psychological: relationships in the team; Relations with the administration; the prestige of the profession; job satisfaction.
To collect information, a methodology has been developed to study the impact of driver turnover based on the study of numerous works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of traffic safety [1,8,20], sociology and economics. This methodology allows us to identify the factors of accidents, to determine the portrait of drivers who quit the industry, to find out the degree of satisfaction of the needs of the driver's personnel from the auto enterprises.

RESEARCH METHODS
To identify the mass of factors, an integrated approach is required, which includes the following methods: Methods for studying statistical accounting and reporting Methods for studying statistical Interviewing -The collection of complete and high-quality information to analyze the reasons for the turnover of drivers and their work in the field of traffic safety is also carried out by interviewing, a completely acceptable method of socio-economic research for studying the work of each driver. The peculiarities of this interview method are that it is a lively and relaxed conversation between two people equally interested in it. Direct contact between the interviewer and the respondent creates many advantages for obtaining information that is inaccessible during the questionnaire survey.
Method of questionnaire survey -To collect more complete social information related to the turnover of drivers in vehicles, as in other sectors of the national economy, it is necessary to use special questionnaires that allow you to obtain a variety of information. The questionnaire also includes questions defining the work on the database. As a result of studying various forms of specialist questionnaires [1], we have developed special questionnaires for drivers and workers of motor transport enterprises.
Taking into account the experience of researching specialists for a quantitative assessment of the accident rate and stability of personnel drivers, depending on various socioeconomic factors, a multivariate model of correlation-regression analysis was selected.
In mathematical form, it can be written as follows: Where, RTAs occur in the context of technical, socioeconomic factors [1, 13,17,18,19,20,21]. In this case, the most important is the selection of influencing factors. So, one of the main conditions of factorial models is considered to be the elimination of factors that have a reverse and a direct relationship between themselves. When modelling the accident rate, it is necessary to pay attention to the factors that have the least connection with the function.
For the selection of factors, a model was first developed with all previously selected factors, and then gradually each of these factors was excluded from the structure of the model. The threshold for selection is 0.8, that is, if the correlation value is greater than 0.8 (approaching -+ 1), then this indicates the presence of multicollinearity in the regression equation. The elimination of multicollinearity is carried out until a sharp decrease in the value of the coefficient of determination occurs.
As a result of the analysis for the bus fleet, the following factors were selected as the effective indicator and factor arguments: Y1-number of accidents, units; 1 -frame stability,%; 2 -accident rate per 100 drivers, units; 3 -violation of traffic rules, units; 4violation of labour discipline, units; 5 -total number of drivers, people.; 6 operating mode, hour; 7 -participation of drivers in the public life of the enterprise,% 8 ; -participation of drivers in a DB class,% 9 -Percentage of drivers' medical examination coverage,%; 10fleet utilization rate; 11 -technical readiness ratio; 12 -the average number of vehicles, units; 13 -production of one passengerkilometre, pass-km; 14  For the development of sociological models for the object, as a result of careful analysis, the following factors were selected: 1 -accident rate during work, times; 2 -turnover of enterprises by drivers, times; 1 -sustainability of drivers' personnel, times; 2 -total salary, USD; 3 -organization of work, score; 4 -work experience at this enterprise, years; 5satisfaction with working conditions; 6average monthly salary, USD ; 7 -class of drivers; 8 -grow up, years; 9 -general experience, years; Taking into account the above factors, the models obtained the results for the objects. As a result of solving on a computer for eight models, the arithmetic mean values for each factor were determined ̅ , their standard deviations, coefficients of variation, F-Fisher's criterion and t-Student criterion, pair correlation coefficients , (R-multiple correlation coefficient), multiple determination coefficients 2 , etc... The significance of the regression coefficients was tested using the Student's t-test at the same degrees of freedom.

CONCLUSIONS
To assess the quantitative influence of factors on the accident rate (Road traffic accident), the pattern recognition method was used. At the same time, information weights are determined, the degree of importance of each studied factor, which are grouped taking into account the homogeneity and proximity to each other. The analysis of all groups made it possible to objectively assess and take into account the real possibilities and reserves of managing these factors.